Table 3 Mean ± SD of body weight, blood pressure (BP), triglyceride, insulin and glucose concentrations before and after each dietary intervention period and fecal volume, % dry matter (DM), excretion of energy and fat during each dietary intervention period (n = 17 for Control and Flax bread; n = 16 for Flax drink).
Control | Flax drink | Flax bread | P for diet | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Body weight (kg) | NS | |||
Before | 71.7 ± 10.1 | 71.9 ± 10.5 | 71.7 ± 10.2 | |
After | 71.4 ± 9.9 | 71.3 ± 10.0 | 71.1 ± 9.7 | |
Systolic BP (mmHg) | NS | |||
Before | 120.1 ± 9.6 | 124.1 ± 8.7 | 122.4 ± 10.2 | |
After | 120.5 ± 9.6 | 123.9 ± 9.0 | 123.0 ± 11.1 | |
Diastolic BP (mmHg) | NS | |||
Before | 68.4 ± 5.9 | 70.1 ± 5.9 | 69.1 ± 8.1 | |
After | 67.8 ± 5.2 | 69.5 ± 6.8 | 69.0 ± 7.0 | |
Triglyceride (mmol/l) | NS | |||
Before | 0.85 ± 0.31 | 0.87 ± 0.35 | 0.76 ± 0.25 | |
After | 0.71 ± 0.20 | 0.75 ± 0.22 | 0.71 ± 0.24 | |
Insulin (pmol/l) | NS | |||
Before | 26.2 ± 10.7 | 27.4 ± 10.2 | 26.3 ± +11.8 | |
After | 28.9 ± 10.4 | 26.2 ± 10.6 | 28.2 ± 12.8 | |
Glucose (mmol/l) | NS | |||
Before | 5.3 ± 0.3 | 5.4 ± 0.3 | 5.3 ± 0.4 | |
After | 5.3 ± 0.2 | 5.3 ± 0.3 | 5.3 ± 0.3 | |
Fecal parameters | ||||
Transit time (h) | 49.7 ± 3.1 | 43.9 ± 3.3 | 47.9 ± 3.3 | NS |
Fecal excretion (g/d) | 121 ± 12 | 142 ± 13 | 119 ± 13 | NS |
Excretion of DM (g/d) | 28 ± 2.2 | 33 ± 2.3 | 30 ± 2.3 | NS |
% DM in feces | 24.9 ± 1.1 | 25.0 ± 1.1 | 26.9 ± 1.1 | NS |
Energy excretion (kJ/d) | 565 ± 45 a | 694 ± 45 b | 606 ± 44 ab | 0.053 |
% Energy excreted | 4.51 ± 0.38 a | 5.51 ± 0.39 b | 4.92 ± 0.39 ab | 0.061 |
Fat excreted (g/d) | 3.20 ± 0.30 a | 4.96 ± 0.31 b | 3.76 ± 0.31 a | < 0.001 |
% Fat excreted | 3.46 ± 0.33 a | 5.21 ± 0.33 c | 4.09 ± 0.34 b | < 0.001 |