Red peppers with moderate and severe pungency prevent the memory deficit and hepatic insulin resistance in diabetic rats with Alzheimer’s disease

Table 3 Islet morphometry

	AD-CON (n = 5)	AD-LSP (n = 5)	AD-MSP (n = 5)	AD-SSP (n = 5)	Non-AD-CON (n = 5)
β-cell area (%)	5.3 ± 1.1^b	6.4 ± 0.9^b	5.9 ± 0.8^ab	5.7 ± 1.0^ab	7.9 ± 1.0^a
Individual β-cell size (μm²)	261 ± 30^a	228 ± 29^b	235 ± 28^b	241 ± 27^ab	234 ± 27^b
Absolute β-cell mass (mg)	21.0 ± 3.1^b	24.7 ± 2.9^a	24.0 ± 2.9^a	23.5 ± 2.8^ab	24.9 ± 2.9^a
BrdU⁺ cells (% BrdU⁺ cells of islets)	0.94 ± 0.13	1.03 ± 0.12	1.05 ± 0.11	1.06 ± 0.12	1.01 ± 0.14
Apoptosis (% apoptotic bodies of islets)	1.19 ± 0.16^a	0.97 ± 0.12^b	1.02 ± 0.12^b	1.02 ± 0.13^b	0.95 ± 0.13^b

Values are Means ± SD. The β-amyloid (25–35) infused diabetic rats fed high fat diets with 1% dextrin (AD-CON), 1% less pungent red pepper (AD-LSP), moderately pungent red pepper (AD-MSP) or severely pungent red pepper (AD-SSP) for 28 days. The β-amyloid (35–25) infused rats fed high fat diets with 1% dextrin (Non-AD-CON).
^abDifferent superscript alphabets on the same row indicate significant differences at P < 0.05.

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