Table 1 Effect of the low-carbohydrate diet analyzed with repeated measures ANOVA test
Basal | Two months after the dietary intervention | f | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean ± SD | Mean ± SD | |||
N = 53 | N = 53 | |||
BMI (kg/m2) | 27.62 ± 3.28 | 26.41 ± 3.22 | 104.50 | <0.0000001 |
WHR | 0.97 ± 0.05 | 0.96 ± 0.05 | 2.82 | 0.09 |
Percent body fat | 40.88 ± 3.11 | 40.18 ± 2.80 | 2.55 | 0.12 |
Glucose (mmol/l) | 4.77 ± 0.46 | 4.78 ± 0.36 | 0.02 | 0.89 |
Triglycerides (mmol/l) | 1.50 ± 0.52 | 1.43 ± 0.48 | 0.92 | 0.34 |
Total cholesterol (mmol/l) | 3.76 ± 0.65 | 3.98 ± 0.66 | 6.30 | <0.02 |
HDL, cholesterol (mmol/l) | 1.07 ± 0.29 | 1.17 ± 0.18 | 8.20 | <0.006 |
LDL, cholesterol (mmol/l) | 2.01 ± 0.69 | 2.15 ± 0.59 | 2.47 | 0.12 |
HOMA | 6.12 ± 3.59 | 5.59 ± 2.48 | 1.83 | 0.18 |
Leptin (ng/ml) | 25.75 ± 12.06 | 17.03 ± 9.81 | 52.86 | <0.0000001 |
Insulin (pmol/l) | 197.52 ± 109.31 | 180.22 ± 72.02 | 1.75 | 0.19 |
Adiponectin (ng/ml) | 14.83 ± 7.78 | 17.79 ± 10.24 | 2.83 | 0.09 |
FGF21 (pg/ml) | 202.58 ± 115.27 | 117.15 ± 96.70 | 35.19 | <0.0000001 |
Satiety responsiveness | 10.75 ± 5.90 | 11.81 ± 5.28 | 3.76 | 0.06 |
Fussiness | 11.85 ± 4.64 | 11.21 ± 4.78 | 1.33 | 0.25 |
Food responsiveness | 11.23 ± 4.68 | 7.92 ± 5.18 | 39.69 | <0.0000001 |
Enjoyment of food | 11.87 ± 2.54 | 10.19 ± 2.72 | 13.61 | <0.0006 |
Desire to drink | 8.14 ± 3.33 | 7.23 ± 3.83 | 3.89 | 0.06 |
Emotional undereating | 6.33 ± 3.09 | 5.94 ± 3.53 | 2.28 | 0.14 |
Emotional overeating | 6.79 ± 3.74 | 5.96 ± 3.75 | 4.93 | <0.03 |