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Table 1 Characteristics of school-children 11 to 15 years according to weight status at baseline

From: Ghrelin, adipokines, metabolic factors in relation with weight status in school-children and results of a 1-year lifestyle intervention program

Parameters

Overall

Normal-weight

Overweight

Obese

P

n =120

n =44

n =39

n =37

Sex (girls)

59.2 %

52.3 %

69.3 %

56.8 %

0.270

Age (Years)

12.4 ± 1.1

12.2 ± 1.0

12.5 ± 1.2

12.7 ± 1.1

0.130

BMI (Kg/m2)

24.1 ± 6.1

18.4 ± 2.3***

24.2 ± 1.6¥¥¥

30.1 ± 4.9§§§

<0.001

BMI z-score

1.08 ± 1.18

−0.17 ± 1.04***

1.47 ± 0.23¥¥¥

2.15 ± 0.26§§§

<0.001

WC (cm)

73.9 ± 12.9

62.9 ± 7.1***

75.1 ± 6.5¥¥¥

86.6 ± 10.3§§§

<0.001

WHtR

0.46 ± 0.08

0.39 ± 0.04***

0.47 ± 0.04¥¥¥

0.53 ± 0.06§§§

<0.001

Abdominal obesity (%)

32.5 %

2.3 %***

28.2 %¥¥

73.0 %§§§

<0.001

Tanner stage ≥ 3 (pubertal/post pubertal)

92.5 %

90.9 %

92.3 %

94.6 %

0.82

SBP (mmHg)

113 ± 10

110 ± 9**

113 ± 8

116 ± 12

0.015

DBP (mmHg)

68 ± 8

66 ± 6

69 ± 9

70 ± 7

0.126

HDL-Cholesterol (mmol/L)

1.32 ± 0.35

1.52 ± 0.36***

1.22 ± 0.28¥¥¥

1.18 ± 0.28§§§

<0.001

HDL-Cholesterol < 1.03 mmol/L(%)

21.7 %

11.4 %

28.2 %¥

27.0 %

0.261

LDL-Cholesterol (mmol/L)

2.57 ± 0.67

2.55 ± 0.72

2.59 ± 0.62

2.57 ± 0.69

0.970

Triglycerides(mmol/L)

0.78 ± 0.44

0.66 ± 0.34***

0.74 ± 0.35

0.95 ± 0.57

0.007

Triglycerides ≥ 1.7 mmol/L (%)

4.2 %

0 %*

5.1 %

8.1 %

0.287

Fasting blood glucose (mmol/L)

4.8 ± 0.4

4.7 ± 0.4

4.8 ± 0.4

4.9 ± 0.4

0.019

Insulin (μIU/mL)

21.3 ± 12.9

14.6 ± 4.6***

21.7 ± 13.9¥

28.8 ± 14.3§

<0.001

HOMA-IR

4.6 ± 3.0

3.5 ± 1.1***

4.7 ± 3.0¥

6.5 ± 3.5§

<0.001

HOMA-IR > 3.16 (%)

65.0 %

38.6 %***

71.8 %¥¥

89.2 %

<0.001

Ghrelin (ng/L)

1379 ± 488

1541 ± 514*

1355 ± 440

1221 ± 457

0.012

Leptin ng/mL

22.9 ± 20.4

8.5 ± 6.1***

23.6 ± 12.6¥¥¥

39.6 ± 22.9§§§

<0.001

Adiponectin μg/mL

5.4 ± 2.6

6.8 ± 2.8***

4.9 ± 2.2¥¥

4.1 ± 1.8

<0.001

  1. Data in this table are mean ± SD and column percentage
  2. BMI body mass index, WC waist circumference, WHtR wait-to-height ratio, SBP systolic blood pressure, DBP diastolic blood pressure, HDL-C high density lipoprotein cholesterol, LDL-C low density lipoprotein cholesterol, TG triglycerides, HOMA-IR homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance
  3. P: P value for global comparison between the three groups
  4. Comparison for normal-weight vs obese children * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001
  5. Comparison for normal-weight vs overweight children ¥ P < 0.05, ¥¥ P < 0.01, ¥¥¥ P < 0.001
  6. Comparison for overweight vs obese children: § P < 0.05, §§ P < 0.01, §§§ P < 0.001
  7. All p-values are in italic and significant p-value are in bolditalic
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Nutrition & Metabolism

ISSN: 1743-7075

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