Placebo | Pio | Omega-3 | Pio& Omega-3 | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Age (y) | 62.0 (58.0, 65.0) | 62.0 (60.0, 65.0) | 59.5 (55.8, 63.8) | 60.5 (55.3, 65.5) |
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | ||||
Baseline | 138 (129, 149) | 142 (136, 151) | 146 (135, 153) | 139 (131, 145) |
Week 24 | 140 (131, 146) | 142 (134, 148) | 137 (131, 150) | 136 (127, 148) |
∆ | 2 (−3, 7) | 1 (−5, 3) | −5 (−8, 2) | −1 (−8, 1) |
∆ (%) | 1 (−2, 5) | 1 (−3, 2) | −3 (−5, 1) | 0 (−6, 1) |
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | ||||
Baseline | 82 (77, 93) | 85 (79, 91) | 90 (83, 92) | 81 (69, 94) |
Week 24 | 85 (70, 90) | 82 (73, 89) | 86 (75, 90) | 82 (76, 92) |
∆ | 1 (−6, 6) | −1 (−9, 2) | 0 (−5, 2) | 1 (−7, 5) |
∆ (%) | 1 (−8, 7) | −1 (−8, 2) | 0 (−5, 3) | 1 (−8, 7) |
Body weight (kg) | ||||
Baseline | 87.0 (81.2, 103.0) | 94.0 (85.0, 102.0) | 98.8 (95.2, 110.5) | 94.0 (79.5, 107.0) |
Week 24 | 84.0 (79.0, 103.0) | 95.0 (88.0, 103.0) | 97.5 (91.5, 108.3) | 95.5 (83.0, 111.5) |
∆ | −1.0 (−2.0, 0.0) | 1.0 (0.0, 2.8)c | −1.5 (−2.6, 1.0) | 2.0 (1.0, 3.0)a, c |
∆ (%) | −1.2 (−2.4, 0.0) | 1.3 (0.0, 2.3)c | −1.3 (−2.7, 0.8) | 1.9 (1.0, 4.2)a, c |
BMI (kg/m2) | ||||
Baseline | 30.9 (27.7, 33.5) | 32.0 (29.6, 35.4) | 34.0 (29.2, 37.5) | 31.4 (27.9, 39.8) |
Week 24 | 30.5 (27.4, 32.6) | 32.4 (30.2, 36.6) | 33.1 (28.7, 37.9) | 32.0 (28.7, 40.6) |
∆ | −0.4 (−0.8, 0.0) | 0.4 (0.0, 0.9)a, c | −0.5 (−1.0, 0.3) | 0.7 (0.4, 1.2)a, c |
∆ (%) | −1.4 (−2.5, 0.0) | 1.3 (0.0, 2.3)a, c | −1.3 (−2.7, 0.8) | 2.0 (1.1, 4.2)a, c |
Triacylglycerol (mmol/l) | ||||
Baseline | 1.45 (1.23, 1.76) | 1.70 (1.17, 2.41) | 2.17 (1.50, 2.76) | 1.71 (1.32, 2.21) |
Week 24 | 1.41 (1.10, 2.28) | 1.89 (1.24, 2.36) | 1.67 (1.53, 2.31) | 1.52 (1.06, 2.05) |
∆ | 0.21 (−0.13, 0.48) | 0.13 (−0.11, 0.66) | −0.48 (−0.73, 0.36) | −0.14 (−0.58, −0.02) |
∆ (%) | 10.1 (−10.6, 31.3) | 4.9 (−13.0, 52.4) | −18.2 (−23.8, 20.2) | −12.2 (−24.0, −1.1) |
NEFA (mmol/l) | ||||
Baseline | 0.73 (0.64, 0.79) | 0.82 (0.64, 1.04) | 0.65 (0.54, 0.91) | 0.69 (0.53, 0.74) |
Week 24 | 0.65 (0.51, 0.87) | 0.51 (0.37, 0.79) | 0.60 (0.47, 0.85) | 0.53 (0.31, 0.70) |
∆ | 0.21 (−0.13, 0.48) | 0.13 (−0.11, 0.66) | −0.48 (−0.73, 0.36) | −0.14 (−0.58, −0.02) |
∆ (%) | −11.0 (−40.7, 13.0) | −43.2 (−50.0, −15.4) | −16.0 (−47.6, 25.7) | −9.4 (−43.0, 18.7) |
Cholesterol total (mmol/l) | ||||
Baseline | 4.60 (4.00, 5.60) | 4.54 (3.70, 5.50) | 4.70 (4.49, 5.37) | 5.25 (4.78, 5.95) |
Week 24 | 4.40 (3.53, 5.32) | 4.47 (3.61, 5.06) | 4.62 (4.40, 5.12) | 4.56 (4.32, 5.45) |
∆ | −0.47 (−0.62, −0.20) | −0.07 (−0.40, 0.74) | −0.13 (−0.62, 0.21) | −0.23 (−0.87, −0.04) |
∆ (%) | −9.8 (−15.9, −4.3) | −2.0 (−7.8, 13.5) | −2.9 (−12.9, 4.5) | −4.7 (−16.4, −0.7) |
HDL cholesterol (mmol/l) | ||||
Baseline | 1.09 (1.00, 1.29) | 1.02 (0.90, 1.16) | 1.17 (0.94, 1.28) | 1.18 (1.03, 1.28) |
Week 24 | 1.04 (0.79, 1.17) | 1.07 (0.96, 1.18) | 1.04 (0.91, 1.25) | 1.24 (1.10, 1.58) |
∆ | −0.05 (−0.14, −0.04) | 0.07 (−0.05, 0.12) | −0.04 (−0.14, 0.05) | 0.12 (0.00, 0.22) |
∆ (%) | −4.8 (−10.9, −2.2) | 6.2 (−6.5, 8.8) | −2.8 (−14.4, 4.4) | 10.5 (0.9, 19.2) |
LDL cholesterol (mmol/l) | ||||
Baseline | 2.45 (2.00, 3.29) | 2.21 (1.70, 2.70) | 2.70 (2.28, 3.00) | 2.75 (2.37, 3.32) |
Week 24 | 2.60 (1.90, 3.02) | 2.60 (1.86, 2.94) | 2.81 (2.56, 3.24) | 3.03 (2.33, 3.53) |
∆ | −0.09 (−0.20, 0.00) | 0.13 (−0.03, 0.41) | 0.16 (−0.17, 0.70) | 0.30 (−0.17, 0.65) |
∆ (%) | −4.4 (−5.5, 0.0) | 7.6 (−1.2, 16.6) | 6.8 (−5.6, 27.9) | 10.6 (−7.7, 20.2) |
SOD (U/ml) | ||||
Baseline | 1.40 (0.76, 1.89) | 1.44 (0.75, 2.15) | 0.90 (0.58, 1.38) | 1.16 (0.78, 1.76) |
Week 24 | 1.22 (0.99, 1.76) | 1.11 (0.86, 1.99) | 0.90 (0.70, 1.35) | 0.88 (0.48, 1.25) |
∆ | 0.05 (−0.67, 0.29) | 0.21 (−0.33, 0.46) | 0.07 (−0.25, 0.46) | −0.23 (−0.68, 0.23) |
∆ (%) | 2.2 (−33.4, 38.5) | 24.3 (−23.0, 43.1) | 8.9 (−22.0, 46.1) | −18.0 (−49.5, 34.8) |
TBARS (mmol/l) | ||||
Baseline | 1.71 (1.33, 2.04) | 1.40 (1.16, 2.14) | 1.46 (1.35, 2.29) | 1.64 (1.26, 2.10) |
Week 24 | 1.42 (1.00, 1.64) | 1.36 (0.97, 1.75) | 1.12 (0.76, 1.43) | 1.28 (0.97, 1.47) |
∆ | −0.23 (−0.76, 0.28) | −0.10 (−0.42, 0.05) | −0.59 (−0.93, 0.12) | −0.20 (−0.78, 0.09) |
∆ (%) | −17.5 (−34.5, 25.8) | −6.7 (−22.6, 3.2) | −43.0 (−56.4, 11.9) | −10.8 (−43.9, 11.2) |
Ratio GSSG/GSH | ||||
Baseline | 0.17 (0.12, 0.20) | 0.14 (0.11, 0.17) | 0.11 (0.09, 0.15) | 0.11 (0.08, 0.16) |
Week 24 | 0.11 (0.11, 0.15) | 0.13 (0.10, 0.14) | 0.12 (0.08, 0.18) | 0.14 (0.11, 0.20) |
∆ | −0.04 (−0.09, 0.02) | 0.00 (−0.08, 0.03) | 0.00 (−0.02, 0.03) | 0.01 (−0.02, 0.06) |
∆ (%) | −20.9 (−47.5, 19.9) | −3.4(−48.1, 67.3) | 2.1 (−19.2, 38.7) | 9.0 (−12.7, 53.2) |
Leptin (ng/ml) | ||||
Baseline | 13.2 (10.6, 17.2) | 12.6 (10.0, 26.1) | 12.7 (7.0, 23.9) | 21.7 (9.7, 30.4) |
Week 24 | 14.4 (7.8, 15.8) | 13.0 (9.2, 33.3) | 11.3 (7.9, 21.7) | 21.0 (8.5, 41.3) |
∆ | −0.8 (−1.8, 0.6) | 2.4 (0.5, 3.0) | −1.1 (−2.9, 1.0) | −0.3 (−1.1, 0.5) |
∆ (%) | −3.2 (−14.5, 6.8) | 10.3 (1.4, 29.4) | −9.9 (−20.9, 12.2) | −1.9 (−3.8, 3.5) |
Adiponectin (μg/ml) | ||||
Baseline | 6.3 (5.6, 7.3) | 5.7 (4.6, 6.9) | 5.3 (4.7, 5.9) | 5.6 (4.8, 6.4) |
Week 24 | 6.3 (4.9, 9.0) | 9.1 (7.4, 12.8)a, c | 6.4 (5.7, 7.2) | 8.9 (7.5, 9.9)a, c |
∆ | 0.4 (0.0, 1.0) | 3.5 (2.6, 5.0)a, c | 0.9 (0.6, 1.2) | 3.7 (2.6, 4.8)a, c |
∆ (%) | 9.4 (−0.2, 27.4) | 60.0 (45.4, 73.4)a, c | 15.8 (9.0, 26.9) | 64.7 (44.6, 91.8)a, c |
Omega-3 PhL Index | ||||
Baseline | 4.9 (4.3, 5.8) | 5.2 (4.4, 5.8) | 4.9 (4.6, 5.5) | 5.3 (4.1, 5.7) |
Week 24 | 4.4 (4.1, 4.8) | 4.5 (4.2, 5.2) | 8.2 (7.1, 8.9)a, b | 8.3 (7.4, 9.2)a, b |
∆ | −0.1 (−0.5, 0.2) | −0.3 (−0.7, 0.2) | 2.8 (2.1, 4.4)a, b | 3.4 (2.5, 3.6)a, b |
∆ (%) | −2.6 (−10.5, 4.6) | −5.2 (−13.9, 2.7) | 60.8 (43.9, 88.5)a, b | 62.8 (41.4, 99.9)a, b |