Table 3 Comparison of the levels of alcohol metabolites, nutrient, micronutrients, and physiological factors in the control or AFT groups

Alcohol metabolites

 Acetaldehyde (μg/mL)

Control

0 (0)

0.21 (0.20)

0.21 (0.22)

0.02 (0.04)

-

AFT

0 (0)

0.33 (0.15)

0.16 (0.13)

0.02 (0.03)

-

 Acetate (μg/mL)

Control

14.1 (3.8)

76.8 (20.3)

66.9 (15.1)

11.4 (3.5)

-

AFT

12.4 (4.0)

97.8 (25.4)**

76.5 (15.2)

13.6 (3.8)

-

Nutrients, micronutrients

 Glucose (mg/dL)

Control

90 (4)

94 (14)

88 (8)

87 (8)

No significant

AFT

91 (6)

86 (11)

89 (5)

88 (6)

No significant

 Alanine (μmol/L)

Control

194 (57)

-

94 (30)

162 (45)

Significant decrease (p < 0.001)

AFT

200 (44)

-

396 (122)**

290 (84)**

Significant increase (p < 0.001)

 Vitamin B1 (ng/mL)

Control

5.9 (0.9)

-

-

6.4 (0.9)

Significant increase (p < 0.01)

AFT

5.8 (1.0)

-

-

6.1 (1.0)

Significant increase (p < 0.001)

 Vitamin B6 (ng/mL)

Control

12.0 (5.9)

-

-

14.8 (6.6)

Significant increase (p < 0.001)

AFT

13.1 (5.6)

-

-

15.8 (6.1)

Significant increase (p < 0.001)

 Folic acid (ng/mL)

Control

5.7 (1.9)

-

-

6.8 (2.1)

Significant increase (p < 0.01)

AFT

5.5 (2.2)

-

-

7.7 (2.5)*

Significant increase (p < 0.001)

 Vitamin C (μg/mL)

Control

7.0 (2.5)

-

-

6.4 (2.0)

Significant decrease (p < 0.05)

AFT

7.2 (2.1)

-

-

7.0 (2.2)

No significant

Physiological factors

 Urinary pH

Control

6.7 (0.8)

5.7 (0.3)

5.8 (0.5)

5.7 (0.8)

Significant decrease (p < 0.05)

AFT

6.7 (0.7)

6.1 (0.4)**

6.5 (0.5)**

5.8 (0.4)

Significant decrease (p < 0.001)

 Vasopressin (pg/mL)

Control

4.3 (1.7)

4.5 (1.7)

5.5 (6.0)

6.3 (6.8)

No significant

AFT

4.6 (1.8)

4.7 (2.1)

4.6 (1.6)

4.8 (4.8)

No significant