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Table 2 Characteristics of the study participants in the validation stage
| Variables | NW(n = 20) | MUCO(29) | MHPO (30) | P1 | P2 | P3 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 44.9 ± 11.4 | 49.3 ± 11.4 | 43.4 ± 11.8 | 0.384 | 0.880 | 0.115 |
| Sex (F/M) | 10/10 | 15/14 | 15/15 | 1.000a | 1.000a | 1.000a |
| Anthropometry | ||||||
| BMI (kg/m2) | 21.7 ± 0.8 | 31.6 ± 3.2 | 30.1 ± 1.4 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.066 |
| Waist Circumference(cm) | 80.7 ± 6.4 | 107.5 ± 9.5 | 92.1 ± 7.6 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| BF % | 25.3 ± 8.6 | 36.5 ± 6.9 | 35.6 ± 9.2 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.924 |
| TF % | 26.9 ± 8.6 | 41.6 ± 5.8 | 39.8 ± 7.2 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.607 |
| AF% | 31.9 ± 11.8 | 48.7 ± 5.7 | 45.9 ± 6.6 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.247 |
| Visceral fat(g) | 354.3 ± 295.9 | 2077.8 ± 814.4 | 1120.00 ± 641.4 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| VF% | 2.5 ± 2.1 | 6.5 ± 2.3 | 4.2 ± 2.8 | 0.000 | 0.057 | 0.002 |
| Metabolic Profile | ||||||
| SBP (mmHg) | 122.4 ± 14.4 | 137.4 ± 14.3 | 130.1 ± 15.9 | 0.003 | 0.192 | 0.165 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 78.1 ± 9.3 | 84.3 ± 10.9 | 85.5 ± 8.3 | 0.072 | 0.028 | 0.890 |
| TG (mmol/L) | 0.87 ± 0.29 | 2.79 ± 1.27 | 1.11 ± 0.53 | 0.000 | 0.060 | 0.000 |
| HDL-C (mmol/L) | 1.6 ± 0.23 | 0.99 ± 0.17 | 1.5 ± 0.4 | 0.000 | 0.521 | 0.000 |
| Glucose (mmol/L) | 5.0 ± 0.28 | 7.3 ± 2.8 | 4.9 ± 0.34 | 0.000 | 0.931 | 0.000 |
| Insulin (pmol/L) | 38.9 ± 20.3 | 153.1 ± 48.6 | 58.5 ± 32.5 | 0.000 | 0.035 | 0.000 |
| HOMA-IR | 1.2 ± 0.6 | 7.1 ± 3.9 | 1.9 ± 1.0 | 0.000 | 0.029 | 0.000 |
| Diet and Physical Activity | ||||||
| Caloric intake (kcal/day) | 1896.2 ± 1199.7 | 1509.3 ± 568.2 | 1935.6 ± 789.5 | 0.292 | 0.999 | 0.210 |
| Protein intake (g/day) | 65.8 ± 36.5 | 60.6 ± 32.7 | 73.1 ± 34.5 | 0.601 | 0.729 | 0.152 |
| Fat intake (g/day) | 57.0 ± 22.7 | 50.2 ± 19.6 | 55.2 ± 20.4 | 0.800 | 0.984 | 0.863 |
| Carbohydrate (g/day) | 238.6 ± 128.7 | 201.9 ± 87.1 | 248.9 ± 120.4 | 0.369 | 1.000 | 0.074 |
| Physical activity level | 8.1 ± 1.7 | 7.3 ± 1.2 | 8.1 ± 1.4 | 0.090 | 0.974 | 0.089 |
