Fig. 4

Acute effects of free fatty acids on insulin secretion in the absence of glucose. Human islets were incubated with or without palmitate (PA), palmitoleate (PAO), stearate (SA), or oleate (OA) for 20 min in the absence of glucose. a Insulin secretion from statically incubated human islets was expressed as fold secretion at control. b Representative graph of dynamic insulin secretion from perifused islets is shown. Fatty acids were added as indicated. c-e Total, first-phase, and second-phase of fatty acid-stimulated insulin secretion during perifusion was expressed as fold control. Results are means ± SEM of 8 donors. *P < 0.05 vs control, #P < 0.05 PA vs PAO or SA vs OA