Table 1 Characteristics of healthy adult volunteers
From: Hormonal responses to non-nutritive sweeteners in water and diet soda
Variable | Study arm 1 (mean ± SD) | Study arm 2 (mean ± SD) | p-valueb |
|---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 29.7 ± 7.6 | 27.4 ± 6.7 | 0.21 |
Female Gender | 53 % | 55 % | 0.81 |
Race (%) | 0.02 | ||
White | 60 % | 42 % | |
Black | 37 % | 32 % | |
Other | 3 % | 26 % | |
Body Mass Index (BMI, kg/m2) | 25.8 ± 4.2 | 26.3 ± 7.5 | 0.77 |
Weight Status (%) | 0.56 | ||
Normal Weight | 53 % | 58 % | |
Overweight | 23 % | 16 % | |
Obese | 23 % | 26 % | |
Glucose (umol/L) | 4.6 ± 0.3 | 4.8 ± 0.35 | 0.08 |
Insulin (pmol/L) | 32.7 ± 15.6 | 51.5 ± 42.1 | 0.03 |
C-Peptide (nmol/L) | 0.4 ± 0.1 | 0.7 ± 0.3 | 0.0006 |
HOMA-2 | 0.9 ± 0.3 | 1.5 ± 0.7 | 0.0001 |
Hemoglobin A1c (%) | 5.3 ± 0.3 | 5.2 ± 0.4 | 0.32 |
Triglycerides (mmol/L) | 0.8 ± 0.3 | 1.1 ± 0.7 | 0.07 |
HDL (mmol/L) | 1.5 ± 0.3 | 1.5 ± 0.4 | 0.87 |
LDL (mmol/L) | 2.4 ± 0.7 | 2.4 ± 0.8 | 0.95 |
Total cholesterol (mmol/L) | 4.3 ± 0.8 | 4.4 ± 0.9 | 0.61 |
NNS Beverage Consumption (%)a | 0.005 | ||
Never | 57 % | 40 % | |
≥ 1/month | 26 % | 53 % | |
≥ 1/day | 17 % | 7 % | |
NNS Packet Use (%)a | 0.52 | ||
Never | 70 % | 73 % | |
≥ 1/month | 23 % | 17 % | |
≥ 1/day | 7 % | 10 % |