|
Never
|
1–4×/Month
|
1–4×/Week
|
5×/Week
|
> = 1×/day
|
P for trenda
|
ρ
c
|
P
d
|
---|
Adjusted medians for 24-h urinary caffeine [mg] (winsorised 99th percentile)
|
Caffeinated coffee
|
Unadjusted model
|
0.791
|
1.270
|
1.890
|
2.469
|
3.612
|
<0.001
|
0.473
|
<0.001
|
Fully adjusted modelb
|
1.382
|
1.655
|
2.262
|
2.959
|
3.724
|
<0.001
| | |
Other caffeinated drinks
|
Unadjusted model
|
3.144
|
3.116
|
2.521
|
1.787
|
2.954
|
0.578
|
−0.069
|
0.090
|
Fully adjusted modelb
|
3.419
|
3.285
|
3.034
|
1.899
|
3.268
|
0.702
| | |
Decaffeinated coffee
|
Unadjusted model
|
2.694
|
2.842
|
2.787
|
6.576
|
3.128
|
0.374
|
0.039
|
0.346
|
Fully adjusted modelb
|
3.273
|
2.929
|
3.022
|
4.586
|
3.032
|
0.612
| | |
Adjusted medians for 24-h urinary paraxanthine [mg] (win. 99th perc.)
|
Caffeinated coffee
|
Unadjusted model
|
2.331
|
4.269
|
6.833
|
6.923
|
12.512
|
<0.001
|
0.528
|
<0.001
|
Fully adjusted modelb
|
3.847
|
4.287
|
7.174
|
8.755
|
12.456
|
<0.001
| | |
Other caffeinated drinks
|
Unadjusted model
|
12.361
|
9.993
|
8.706
|
8.361
|
10.706
|
0.469
|
−0.061
|
0.133
|
Fully adjusted modelb
|
12.781
|
10.506
|
9.368
|
8.533
|
11.150
|
0.185
| | |
Decaffeinated coffee
|
Unadjusted model
|
9.875
|
9.571
|
9.500
|
17.852
|
11.407
|
0.324
|
0.057
|
0.164
|
Fully adjusted modelb
|
10.498
|
10.271
|
10.188
|
11.503
|
11.829
|
0.494
| | |
Adjusted medians for 24-h urinary theophylline [mg] (win. 99th perc.)
|
Caffeinated coffee
|
Unadjusted model
|
0.266
|
0.353
|
0.660
|
0.689
|
1.163
|
<0.001
|
0.519
|
<0.001
|
Fully adjusted modelb
|
0.347
|
0.396
|
0.603
|
0.835
|
1.145
|
<0.001
| | |
Other caffeinated drinks
|
Unadjusted model
|
1.036
|
1.007
|
0.734
|
0.724
|
0.935
|
0.093
|
−0.075
|
0.069
|
Fully adjusted modelb
|
1.100
|
0.982
|
0.842
|
0.684
|
0.965
|
0.519
| | |
Decaffeinated coffee
|
Unadjusted model
|
0.870
|
1.034
|
0.683
|
1.406
|
1.081
|
0.155
|
0.040
|
0.329
|
Fully adjusted modelb
|
0.933
|
0.901
|
0.749
|
1.563
|
0.923
|
0.972
| | |
Adjusted medians for 24-h urinary theobromine [mg] (win. 99th perc.)
|
Caffeinated coffee
|
Unadjusted model
|
11.352
|
12.911
|
13.743
|
11.747
|
10.977
|
0.398
|
−0.019
|
0.637
|
Fully adjusted modelb
|
10.361
|
11.231
|
13.992
|
11.286
|
11.949
|
0.726
| | |
Other caffeinated drinks
|
Unadjusted model
|
11.900
|
10.287
|
11.456
|
10.904
|
11.623
|
0.870
|
0.013
|
0.746
|
Fully adjusted modelb
|
13.256
|
11.203
|
10.854
|
9.342
|
13.351
|
0.472
| | |
Decaffeinated coffee
|
Unadjusted model
|
10.889
|
12.125
|
11.773
|
11.097
|
12.369
|
0.445
|
0.045
|
0.271
|
Fully adjusted modelb
|
11.588
|
12.635
|
11.056
|
9.516
|
14.604
|
0.178
| | |
-
a
P-value for linear trend (Reported consumption frequency: lowest vs. highest)
-
bModel was adjusted for age, sex, BMI, urinary creatinine, glomerular filtration rate, urinary volume, urinary flow, study center, smoking and alcohol status
-
cSpearman correlation coefficient (ρ) for the association between self-reported consumption frequency and 24-h urinary excretion
-
dSpearman correlation coefficient associated p-value