The role of a dairy fraction rich in milk fat globule membrane in the suppression of postprandial inflammatory markers and bone turnover in obese and overweight adults: an exploratory study

Table 4 Postprandial response (iAUtC¹ ± SD) of bone biomarkers and inflammatory markers by test meal

	Test meals				Test Meal x MFGM interaction p-value
	PO + MFGM	PO	WC + MFGM	WC	Test Meal x MFGM interaction p-value
C1CP	−0.18 ± 0.9	0.07 ± 1.2	0.01 ± 0.9	−0.28 ± 0.8	0.859
CTX	−1.52 ± 1.0^b	−1.16 ± 0.9^a	−1.67 ± 0.9^c	−1.49 ± 0.9^bc	0.332
IL-6	−0.70 ± 1.5	−0.78 ± 1.4	−0.84 ± 1.5	−0.47 ± 1.0	0.846
IL-18	−1.93 ± 10.6	−5.58 ± 11.4	−6.68 ± 11.0	−3.81 ± 11.5	0.106
TNF-α	−0.12 ± 0.7	−0.36 ± 0.6	−0.49 ± 0.7	−0.26 ± 0.7	0.102
CRP	0.04 ± 0.3	0.12 ± 0.2	0.10 ± 0.2	0.08 ± 0.2	0.119
IL-10	0.71 ± 1.8	−0.25 ± 1.8	0.37 ± 1.7	0.19 ± 1.7	0.567
sICAM	0.13 ± 0.5^b	0.37 ± 0.4^a	0.28 ± 0.4^ab	0.32 ± 0.5^ab	0.080

¹Mean incremental area under transformed curve
Significant differences in iAUtC of bone biomarkers and inflammatory markers among test meals are indicated by superscript letters
N = 36
Test meals: palm oil plus milk fat globule membrane (PO + MFGM), palm oil (PO), whipping cream plus milk fat globule membrane (WC + MFGM), whipping cream (WC)
Bone variables: type 1 C-terminal collagen propeptide (C1CP), C-telopeptide of type 1 collagen (CTX)
Inflammatory variables: interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-18 (IL-18), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-10 (IL-10), soluble intercellular adhesion molecule (sICAM)