|
Test meals
|
Test Meal x MFGM interaction
p-value
|
---|
PO + MFGM
|
PO
|
WC + MFGM
|
WC
|
---|
C1CP
|
−0.18 ± 0.9
|
0.07 ± 1.2
|
0.01 ± 0.9
|
−0.28 ± 0.8
|
0.859
|
CTX
|
−1.52 ± 1.0b
|
−1.16 ± 0.9a
|
−1.67 ± 0.9c
|
−1.49 ± 0.9bc
|
0.332
|
IL-6
|
−0.70 ± 1.5
|
−0.78 ± 1.4
|
−0.84 ± 1.5
|
−0.47 ± 1.0
|
0.846
|
IL-18
|
−1.93 ± 10.6
|
−5.58 ± 11.4
|
−6.68 ± 11.0
|
−3.81 ± 11.5
|
0.106
|
TNF-α
|
−0.12 ± 0.7
|
−0.36 ± 0.6
|
−0.49 ± 0.7
|
−0.26 ± 0.7
|
0.102
|
CRP
|
0.04 ± 0.3
|
0.12 ± 0.2
|
0.10 ± 0.2
|
0.08 ± 0.2
|
0.119
|
IL-10
|
0.71 ± 1.8
|
−0.25 ± 1.8
|
0.37 ± 1.7
|
0.19 ± 1.7
|
0.567
|
sICAM
|
0.13 ± 0.5b
|
0.37 ± 0.4a
|
0.28 ± 0.4ab
|
0.32 ± 0.5ab
|
0.080
|
-
1Mean incremental area under transformed curve
- Significant differences in iAUtC of bone biomarkers and inflammatory markers among test meals are indicated by superscript letters
-
N = 36
- Test meals: palm oil plus milk fat globule membrane (PO + MFGM), palm oil (PO), whipping cream plus milk fat globule membrane (WC + MFGM), whipping cream (WC)
- Bone variables: type 1 C-terminal collagen propeptide (C1CP), C-telopeptide of type 1 collagen (CTX)
- Inflammatory variables: interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-18 (IL-18), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-10 (IL-10), soluble intercellular adhesion molecule (sICAM)