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Table 2 Effects of weight loss and dietary composition during weight loss maintenance on fasting hormone levels*

From: Hepatic, adipocyte, enteric and pancreatic hormones: response to dietary macronutrient composition and relationship with metabolism

 

Pre-Weight Loss Baseline (N = 21)

Weight Loss Maintenance

P-value for overall diet intervention effect*

P-value for differential effect of diet**

Low Fat (N = 21)

Low Glycemic Index (N = 21)

Very Low Carbohydrate (N = 21)

Hepatic and/or adipose hormones

 FGF-21 (pg/mL)a

94.1 ± 18.0

44.8 ± 6.1

35.5 ± 7.8

17.5 ± 3.0

<0.0001

0.0002

 Change from baseline

 

-49.4 ± 16.6

-58.6 ± 16.3

-76.7 ± 18.2

  

 Chemerin (ng/mL)

54.4 ± 3.4

46.6 ± 3.5

44.8 ± 3.0

45.9 ± 2.7

0.001

0.66

 Change from baseline

 

−7.9 ± 2.1

−9.7 ± 2.1

−8.5 ± 2.4

  

 Heme-oxygenase 1 (ng/mL)a

0.69 ± 0.21

1.09 ± 0.44

1.66 ± 0.82

1.18 ± 0.47

0.02

0.07

 Change from baseline

 

0.40 ± 0.26

0.98 ± 0.63

0.49 ± 0.29

  

 Total bile acids (umol/L)

10.7 ± 1.6

10.1 ± 1.4

9.4 ± 0.9

11.2 ± 1.9

0.89

0.45

 Change from baseline

 

−0.6 ± 1.3

−1.3 ± 1.3

0.5 ± 1.7

  

Pancreatic hormones

 Insulin (mIU/L)a

11.4 ± 1.4

6.1 ± 0.5

5.4 ± 0.4

5.2 ± 0.6

<0.0001

0.004

 Change from baseline

 

−5.3 ± 1.1

−6.0 ± 1.1

−6.1 ± 1.0

  

 Amylin (pg/mL)

172 ± 50

179 ± 48

153 ± 49

164 ± 50

0.77

0.49

 Change from baseline

 

6 ± 24

−20 ± 30

−9 ± 29

  

 SFRP-4 (pg/mL)

1086 ± 167

1307 ± 181

1346 ± 211

1220 ± 205

0.24

0.74

 Change from baseline

 

196 ± 190

236 ± 208

110 ± 188

  

Enteric hormones

 Ghrelin (pg/mL)a

11.5 ± 0.9

18.6 ± 2.9

18.8 ± 3.7

21.0 ± 2.9

0.0003

0.25

 Change from baseline

 

7.1 ± 2.9

7.3 ± 3.5

9.5 ± 2.9

  

 GIP (pg/mL)

12.8 ± 1.7

14.4 ± 2.1

13.6 ± 3.1

13.2 ± 2.7

0.30

0.90

 Change from baseline

 

1.6 ± 1.4

0.9 ± 2.4

0.5 ± 2.0

  

 PYY (pg/mL)a

46.1 ± 10.5

39.5 ± 4.5

36.1 ± 4.2

45.7 ± 10.2

0.75

0.33

 Change from baseline

 

−6.6 ± 8.1

−10.0 ± 7.3

−0.4 ± 4.1

  

Muscular hormones

 Irisin (ng/mL)a

127.5 ± 38.5

96.4 ± 18.1

90.0 ± 16.5

98.3 ± 15.9

0.21

0.23

 Change from baseline

 

−31.0 ± 29.4

—37.5 ± 30.2

−29.2 ± 31.1

  
  1. Results reported as mean ± SEM. N = 21 for all variables except for HO-1 (N = 16) and irisin (N = 18)
  2. *P-value tests the hypothesis that the average of the three changes is zero. Analyses adjusted for age, gender, baseline BMI, diet composition and diet sequence
  3. **Analyses adjusted for age, gender, change in BMI, diet composition and diet sequence
  4. aResults analyzed as log-transformed data
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Nutrition & Metabolism

ISSN: 1743-7075

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