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Rooibos
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Aqueous extract of fermented rooibos on cardiomyocytes isolated from diabetic rats
|
Prevented experimentally induced oxidative stress and ischemia
|
[21]
|
|
Fermented rooibos tea for 6 weeks in human subjects at risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD)
|
Reduced CVD risk by improving lipid profile and redox status
|
[59]
|
|
Aqueous extract of fermented rooibos in endothelial cells from human umbilical veins (HUVECs)
|
Prevented vascular-induced inflammation by enhancing nitric oxide production
|
[86, 92, 93]
|
|
Aqueous extract of fermented rooibos on non-diabetic rats
|
Acted as a bronchodilator, antispasmodic and blood pressure lowering effects
|
[97]
|
|
Fermented rooibos tea in healthy human subjects
|
Prevented myocardial infarction by inhibiting angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)
|
[98,99,100]
|
|
Aqueous extracts of fermented and unfermented rooibos in non-diabetic rats
|
Reversed ischemia-reperfusion injury
|
[101]
|
|
Aspalathin and nothofagin
|
Aspalathin and nothofagin on high glucose-induced vascular in HUVECs and mice
|
Prevented inflammation and thrombosis by suppressing TNF-α, IL-6 and NF-κB
|
[118, 119]
|
|
Aspalathin in H9c2 cardiomyocytes exposed to high glucose and cardiomyocytes isolated from insulin resistant rats
|
Prevented cell apoptosis by reducing phosphorylation of AMPK; decreasing inflammation and lipid accumulation; and attenuated oxidative damage via increasing Nrf2 expression
|
[73, 124,125,126]
|
|
Orientin and isoorientin
|
Orientin on isolated hearts of nondiabetic rats, rabbits and guinea pigs as well as H9c2 cells
|
Prevented ischemia-reperfusion injury and platelet aggregation by inhibiting mPTP formation and apoptosis
|
[137,138,139]
|
|
Orientin and isoorientin
|
Orientin on rats
|
Prevented myocardial infarction
|
[134]
|
| |
Isoorientin in low density lipoprotein isolated from human plasma
|
Prevented formation of atherosclerotic lesions by inhibiting low density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation
|
[135]
|
| |
Orientin in non-diabetic rats
|
Attenuated ventricular remodeling associated with myocardial infarction
|
[136]
|
| |
Orientin and isoorientin in lipopolysaccharide-induced reperfusion injury
|
Protected vascular barrier integrity by inhibiting hyperpermeability
|
[223]
|
|
Vitexin and isovitexin
|
Vitexin on primary cardiomyocytes and isolated rat hearts and on rats
|
Prevented ischemia-reperfusion injury by reducing calcium overload and modulating ERK1/2 signaling and MAPK pathway
|
[146, 149, 224]
|
|
Vitexin on primary rat cardiomyocytes
|
Prevented cardiac hypertrophy by inhibiting calcineurin and CaMKII signaling pathways
|
[151]
|
|
Vitexin on dogs
|
Reduced aortic pressure, arterial and pulmonary capillary pressure and heart rate
|
[150, 225]
|
|
Vitexin on rats
|
Attenuated acute doxorubicin cardiotoxicity by reducing oxidative stress and apoptosis
|
[226]
|
|
Luteolin and chrysoeriol
|
Luteolin on isolated rat cardiomyocytes, rabbit hearts and anesthetized pigs
|
Prevented ischemia-reperfusion injury and enhanced relative coronary flow
|
[157, 159, 162]
|
|
Luteolin on rat endothelium-denuded aortic rings
|
Induced vasorelaxion by regulating calcium and potassium channels and reducing oxidative stress
|
[227]
|
|
Luteolin on vascular smooth muscle cells and rats
|
Prevented hypertensive vascular remodeling
|
[160]
|
|
Luteolin on diabetic and normal rats
|
Alleviated vascular complications associated with insulin resistance through the Pparγ pathway
|
[161]
|
|
Luteolin and chrysoeriol
|
Luteolin-7-glucoside on isolated primary rat cardiomyocytes
|
Prevented ischemia-reperfusion injury and increased of coronary flow
|
[228]
|
|
Chrysoeriol in rats under anesthesia and H9c2 cells
|
Reduced arterial blood pressure and protected against doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity
|
[97, 172]
|
|
Quercetin and rutin
|
Quercetin on rats
|
Protected against diabetic cardiomyopathy, autoimmune myocarditis, LDL-oxidation, and doxorubicin-induced lipid peroxidation
|
[185,186,187,188,189,190,191,192]
|
| |
Quercetin in either endothelial cells or rats
|
Presented antihypertensive potential and reduced cardiac hypertrophy by increasing antioxidant capacity
|
[229,230,231,232,233]
|
|
Hyperoside and rutin
|
Hyperoside in vitro and in vivo
|
Protected against hyperglycemia induced inflammation
|
[208]
|
| |
Hyperoside in ECV304 cells
|
Prevented advanced glycation end products and promoted via the c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNK) pathway
|
[205]
|
| |
Hyperoxide in vitro and in vivo
|
Hydrogen peroxide induced cell damage and ischemia reperfusion injury
|
[209, 211, 212]
|
| |
Rutin on rats
|
Protected against advanced glycation end products, oxidative stress and myocardial infarction
|
[199, 234, 235]
|
|
Phenylpyruvic acid-2-O-β-D-glucoside (PPAG)
|
PPAG on high-glucose exposed H9c2 cells
|
Protected against substrate impairment, mitochondrial depolarization and cell apoptosis
|
[221]
|
