Serum metabolites in non-alcoholic fatty-liver disease development or reversion; a targeted metabolomic approach within the PREDIMED trial

Papandreou, Christopher; Bullò, Mònica; Tinahones, Francisco José; Martínez-González, Miguel Ángel; Corella, Dolores; Fragkiadakis, Georgios A.; López-Miranda, José; Estruch, Ramon; Fitó, Montserrat; Salas-Salvadó, Jordi

doi:10.1186/s12986-017-0213-3

Table 1 Characteristics of studied groups

From: Serum metabolites in non-alcoholic fatty-liver disease development or reversion; a targeted metabolomic approach within the PREDIMED trial

Characteristics	Group 1 (n = 15)			Group 2 (n = 15)			Group 3 (n = 15)
	Basal	Final	Change	Basal	Final	Change	Basal	Final	Change
Age (years)	63.47 ± 6.59	NA	NA	65.13 ± 5.74	NA	NA	64.07 ± 6.94	NA	NA
MedScore	9.73 ± 1.83	10.31 ± 1.88	0.31 ± 2.81	9.43 ± 2.10	11.43 ± 1.22	1.85 ± 1.72	9.53 ± 2.16	10.47 ± 1.59	0.93 ± 2.49
Alcohol (g)	16.30 ± 24.10	10.77 ± 11.63	−5.70 ± 15.71	29.93 ± 28.58	12.75 ± 10.71	−12.89 ± 24.40^b,c	7.48 ± 10.11	11.76 ± 13.07	4.28 ± 6.82
BMI (kg/m²)	27.36 ± 2.10	27.21 ± 3.38	−0.08 ± 2.04	28.65 ± 3.39	29.68 ± 3.72	0.91 ± 1.94	29.08 ± 2.84	28.18 ± 3.12	−0.90 ± 1.98
WC (cm)	97.29 ± 9.41	99.09 ± 12.11	1.30 ± 6.11	98.43 ± 10.28	102.07 ± 11.82	2.23 ± 7.86	100.80 ± 11.69	99.20 ± 12.52	−1.60 ± 7.33
AST (U/L)	20.36 ± 5.84	17.82 ± 6.70^a,b	−0.91 ± 6.93	21.14 ± 6.51	26.14 ± 8.20^b,c	5.00 ± 7.68	21.60 ± 11.41	19.00 ± 6.03	−2.60 ± 14.12
AST/ALT	0.61 ± 0.28^a,b/a,c	0.49 ± 0.19^a,b/a,c	−0.08 ± 0.20	0.80 ± 0.23	0.88 ± 0.16	0.08 ± 0.18^b,c	0.97 ± 0.25	0.84 ± 0.37	−0.13 ± 0.26
Glu (mg/dL)	131.33 ± 49.75	108.16 ± 19.73	−18.50 ± 38.10	124.97 ± 42.31	122.07 ± 59.13	−2.90 ± 61.46	138.38 ± 46.72	156.53 ± 62.44	18.14 ± 54.08
TG (mg/dL)	158.33 ± 81.12	158.00 ± 51.73	4.83 ± 53.32	117.98 ± 53.23	160.78 ± 98.12	42.80 ± 78.71	157.54 ± 106.38	150.13 ± 110.68	−7.41 ± 137.09
TC (mg/dL)	229.43 ± 49.23	201.85 ± 41.16	−30.68 ± 55.85	207.64 ± 46.53	195.21 ± 25.70	−12.43 ± 45.39	208.07 ± 45.39	190.15 ± 36.21	−17.92 ± 36.83
HDL-C (mg/dL)	49.26 ± 11.86	45.90 ± 12.29	−3.32 ± 10.33	56.38 ± 12.54	53.71 ± 11.21	−2.67 ± 10.04	48.41 ± 8.82	55.74 ± 16.84	6.52 ± 14.54
LDL-C (mg/dL)	132.97 ± 28.29	114.67 ± 32.60	−20.05 ± 26.78	127.79 ± 39.65	110.03 ± 21.69	−17.77 ± 48.77	121.14 ± 33.85	105.45 ± 29.71	−15.22 ± 23.65
Diabetes	40.0%	NA	NA	60.0%	NA	NA	60%	NA	NA
Hypercholest	66.7%	NA	NA	66.7%	NA	NA	46.7%	NA	NA
Hypertension	93.3%	NA	NA	80.0%	NA	NA	80%	NA	NA

Data are expressed as means ± SD or percentage
One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) or Kruskal-Wallis test for continuous variables and Pearson Chi-Square test for categorical variables
Microalbuminuria changes in characteristics of studied groups at the end of the follow-up were excluded from analysis, because there were only few cases, namely 18 out of 45
Abbreviations: NA Not Available, MedScore Mediterranean Diet Score, BMI Body Mass Index, WC Waist Circumference, AST aspartate aminotransferase, Glu Glucose, TC Total cholesterol, HDL-C High-density lipoprotein cholesterol, LDL-C Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, Hypercholest Hypercholesterolemia
^a,b,c: Identical superscript letters denote significant differences between groups (p < 0.05 after post-hoc multiple comparisons using the Bonferroni rule in the case of normally distributed continuous variables, Mann-Whitney test in the case of non- normally distributed continuous variables)
Group 1 Participants did not meet NAFLD criteria at the baseline and during the follow-up
Group 2 Participantsdid not meet NAFLD criteria at baseline, but met NAFLD criteria during the follow-up
Group 3 Participants met NAFLD criteria at baseline, but not during the follow-up
^a,bp Value <0.05 “Group 1” vs. “Group 2”
^a,c p Value <0.05 “Group 1” vs. “Group 3”
^b,c p Value <0.05 “Group 2” vs. “Group 3”

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