Markers of neuroprotection of combined EPA and DHA provided by fish oil are higher than those of EPA (Nannochloropsis) and DHA (Schizochytrium) from microalgae oils in Wistar rats

Lopes, Paula A.; Bandarra, Narcisa M.; Martins, Susana V.; Martinho, Joana; Alfaia, Cristina M.; Madeira, Marta S.; Cardoso, Carlos; Afonso, Cláudia; Paulo, Maria C.; Pinto, Rui M. A.; Guil-Guerrero, José L.; Prates, José A. M.

doi:10.1186/s12986-017-0218-y

Table 5 Total FAME (mg/g) and fatty acid composition (% total fatty acids) in erythrocytes

From: Markers of neuroprotection of combined EPA and DHA provided by fish oil are higher than those of EPA (Nannochloropsis) and DHA (Schizochytrium) from microalgae oils in Wistar rats

	Milk Fat		Fish Oil		Nanno		Schyzo		Significance
	Mean	SE	Mean	SE	Mean	SE	Mean	SE
Total FAME	9.82	0.718	10.6	0.455	10.8	0.320	11.7	0.889	0.521
Fatty acids
14:0	0.550	0.052	0.680	0.044	0.730	0.037	0.780	0.170	0.068
15:0	0.360^a	0.024	0.430^a	0.027	0.450^b	0.011	0.940	0.066	< 0.001
16:0anteiso	2.34	0.071	2.31	0.062	2.61	0.094	2.24	0.111	0.050
16:0	23.9	1.18	25.7	1.09	26.0	0.459	24.8	0.942	0.329
16:1n-9	0.120^b	0.017	0.190^a	0.007	0.160^b	0.005	0.160^ab	0.012	0.005
16:1n-7	0.320^c	0.033	0.520^ab	0.035	0.720^a	0.068	0.420^bc	0.040	< 0.001
17:0isobr	0.260^c	0.006	0.270^c	0.007	0.300^b	0.004	0.330^a	0.005	< 0.001
17:0	0.460^c	0.010	0.440^c	0.010	0.580^b	0.007	0.760^a	0.009	< 0.001
16:3n-4	0.300^b	0.022	0.320^ab	0.029	0.350^ab	0.030	0.390^a	0.016	0.009
17:1	0.230^a	0.012	0.210^a	0.012	0.190^a	0.015	0.150^b	0.008	< 0.001
16:3n-3	2.44	0.066	2.42	0.077	2.50	0.065	2.64	0.162	0.609
16:4n-3	1.27^a	0.034	1.16^ab	0.038	1.08^b	0.035	0.890^c	0.042	< 0.001
18:0	13.8^a	0.138	13.1^b	0.204	13.5^ab	0.213	12.9^b	0.228	0.004
18:1n-9	7.84^b	0.073	8.50^a	0.058	8.00^ab	0.257	8.04^ab	0.281	< 0.001
18:1n-7	2.24^a	0.067	2.29^a	0.051	2.21^a	0.048	1.92^b	0.047	< 0.001
18:2n-6	13.2^a	0.130	11.6^b	0.195	11.1^b	0.172	11.2^b	0.424	< 0.001
19:0	0.090^a	0.009	0.070^b	0.002	0.080^a	0.002	0.080^a	0.005	< 0.001
18:3n-3	0.140^a	0.019	0.090^b	0.004	0.060^c	0.005	0.070^bc	0.011	< 0.001
20:0	0.110^ab	0.006	0.090^b	0.006	0.100^ab	0.005	0.130^a	0.013	0.047
20:1n-9	0.080^b	0.005	0.400^a	0.043	0.070^b	0.009	0.090^b	0.012	< 0.001
20:1n-7	0.077	0.006	0.094	0.007	0.086	0.009	0.085	0.004	0.339
20:2n-6	0.370^a	0.023	0.200^b	0.024	0.170^b	0.009	0.190^b	0.016	< 0.001
20:4n-6	20.5^a	0.617	14.6^c	0.570	17.7^b	0.172	17.9^b	0.725	< 0.001
20:4n-3	0.410^ab	0.386	0.080^b	0.012	0.060^b	0.002	0.490^a	0.110	< 0.001
20:5n-3	0.260^c	0.026	3.08^a	0.114	2.33^b	0.054	0.470^c	0.254	< 0.001
22:0	0.290^b	0.026	0.270^b	0.032	0.280^b	0.009	0.390^a	0.354	0.002
22:4n-6	1.51^a	0.118	0.250^d	0.023	0.550^b	0.021	0.390^c	0.281	< 0.001
22:5n-6	0.340^b	0.021	0.100^d	0.007	0.140^c	0.008	1.75^a	1.50	< 0.001
22:5n-3	1.94^bc	0.426	2.55^b	0.177	3.50^a	0.094	0.950^c	0.654	< 0.001
24:0	0.890	0.089	0.827	0.077	0.849	0.038	0.932	0.625	0.747
22:6n-3	1.22^c	0.097	4.24^b	0.353	0.680^d	0.061	5.78^a	0.484	< 0.001
24:1n-9	0.452	0.046	0.570	0.070	0.400	0.032	ND	–	0.106
Others	1.69^b	0.029	2.37^a	0.080	2.47^a	0.026	1.76^b	0.057	< 0.001
Partial sums and ratios
Total SFA	43.0	1.16	44.2	1.03	45.5	0.646	44.3	0.896	0.221
Total MUFA	11.4^b	0.119	12.8^a	0.148	11.8^ab	0.396	10.9^b	0.332	< 0.001
Total PUFA	43.9^a	1.14	40.7^ab	1.11	40.2^b	0.389	43.1^a	1.00	0.008
Total n-3	7.68^c	0.701	13.6^a	0.691	10.2^b	0.155	11.3^a	0.556	< 0.001
Total n-6	35.9^a	0.659	26.8^d	0.457	29.7^c	0.166	31.4^b	0.576	< 0.001
n-3/n-6	0.214^c	0.018	0.509^a	0.018	0.344^b	0.004	0.359^b	0.015	< 0.001

n = 8 per group. ND, not detected. Total SFA = 14:0 + 15:0 + 16:0anteiso + 16:0 + 17:0isobr + 17:0 + 18:0 + 19:0 + 20:0 + 22:0 + 24:0; Total MUFA = 16:1n-9 + 16:1n-7 + 17:1 + 18:1n-9 + 18:1n-7 + 20:1n-9 + 20:1n-7 + 24:1n-9; Total PUFA = 16:3n-4 + 16:3n-3 + 16:4n-3 + 18:2n-6 + 18:3n-3 + 20:2n-6 + 20:4n-6 + 20:4n-3 + 20:5n-3 + 22:4n-6 + 22:5n-6 + 22:5n-3 + 22:6n-3; Total n-3 = 16:3n-3 + 16:4n-3 + 18:3n-3 + 20:4n-3 + 20:5n-3 + 22:5n-3 + 22:6n-3; Total n-6 = 18:2n-6 + 20:2n-6 + 20:4n-6 + 22:4n-6 + 22:5n-6. ^a,b,c Means in the same row with different superscripts are statistically different (PDIFF adjust Tukey, P < 0.05)

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