Markers of neuroprotection of combined EPA and DHA provided by fish oil are higher than those of EPA (Nannochloropsis) and DHA (Schizochytrium) from microalgae oils in Wistar rats

Lopes, Paula A.; Bandarra, Narcisa M.; Martins, Susana V.; Martinho, Joana; Alfaia, Cristina M.; Madeira, Marta S.; Cardoso, Carlos; Afonso, Cláudia; Paulo, Maria C.; Pinto, Rui M. A.; Guil-Guerrero, José L.; Prates, José A. M.

doi:10.1186/s12986-017-0218-y

Table 6 Total FAME (mg/g), fatty acid composition (% total fatty acids) and major phospholipid classes in brain

From: Markers of neuroprotection of combined EPA and DHA provided by fish oil are higher than those of EPA (Nannochloropsis) and DHA (Schizochytrium) from microalgae oils in Wistar rats

	Milk Fat		Fish Oil		Nanno		Schyzo		Significance
	Mean	SE	Mean	SE	Mean	SE	Mean	SE
Total FAME	153	8.04	175	12.1	169	8.08	157	5.01	0.354
Fatty acids
14:0	0.172	0.010	0.156	0.021	0.147	0.016	0.144	0.013	0.365
16:0anteiso	2.23	0.101	2.14	0.089	2.36	0.180	2.13	0.863	0.641
16:0	18.9	0.819	18.6	1.42	18.9	1.26	17.6	0.011	0.692
16:1n-9	0.112	0.006	0.120	0.008	0.114	0.007	0.093	0.021	0.293
16:1n-7	0.380	0.019	0.444	0.039	0.407	0.025	0.379	0.021	0.406
16:3n-4	0.239	0.024	0.284	0.025	0.217	0.028	0.246	0.033	0.348
16:3n-3	3.90	0.055	4.10	0.086	4.36	0.259	4.03	0.057	0.095
16:4n-3	1.45	0.119	1.40	0.066	1.44	0.057	1.42	0.086	0.963
18:0	18.9	0.382	19.6	0.181	19.9	0.332	19.2	0.283	0.174
18:1n-9	15.8	0.427	16.6	0.277	15.9	0.246	16.1	0.483	0.238
18:1n-7	3.03	0.095	2.93	0.041	3.01	0.031	2.88	0.085	0.239
18:2n-6	1.04^a	0.064	0.920^ab	0.038	0.810^b	0.028	0.830^ab	0.082	0.011
19:0	0.047	0.005	0.051	0.002	0.052	0.004	0.055	0.002	0.420
18:4n-3	0.051	0.004	0.045	0.008	0.059	0.006	0.052	0.002	0.569
20:0	0.459	0.069	0.437	0.036	0.443	0.035	0.442	0.038	0.994
20:1n-9	1.44	0.286	1.33	0.144	1.36	0.103	1.44	0.172	0.962
20:1n-7	0.449	0.077	0.398	0.037	0.413	0.030	0.430	0.044	0.915
20:2n-6	0.151	0.019	0.110	0.008	0.120	0.007	0.097	0.008	0.050
20:4n-6	10.1	0.284	9.28	0.209	9.60	0.476	9.59	0.181	0.202
20:5n-3	ND	–	0.070^a	0.006	0.040^b	0.004	0.020^c	0.003	0.000
22:0	0.478	0.074	0.407	0.049	0.429	0.055	0.456	0.051	0.844
22:1n-11	0.221	0.045	0.176	0.024	0.197	0.019	0.199	0.031	0.810
22:1n-9	0.101	0.004	0.113	0.011	0.115	0.015	0.123	0.025	0.552
23:0	0.241	0.013	0.235	0.023	0.279	0.035	0.247	0.018	0.736
22:4n-6	3.21^a	0.144	2.52^b	0.185	2.98^ab	0.183	2.73^ab	0.163	0.031
22:5n-6	0.804	0.099	0.532	0.187	0.719	0.312	0.940	0.061	0.192
22:5n-3	0.280^ab	0.064	0.340^a	0.019	0.410^a	0.036	0.160^b	0.008	0.000
24:0	1.11	0.141	0.893	0.115	0.991	0.163	0.999	0.099	0.705
22:6n-3	11.4	0.601	13.0	0.707	10.9	0.857	13.1	0.724	0.084
24:1n-9	1.43	0.252	1.14	0.162	1.27	0.211	1.25	0.167	0.800
Others	1.88^a	0.119	1.58^b	0.084	2.13^a	0.158	2.66^a	0.166	0.000
Partial sums and ratios
Total SFA	42.6	0.891	42.6	1.40	43.5	1.40	41.2	1.01	0.634
Total MUFA	23.0	1.07	23.2	0.545	22.8	0.311	22.9	0.814	0.886
Total PUFA	32.5	0.871	32.6	1.09	31.6	1.34	33.2	1.03	0.787
Total n-3	17.0	0.536	19.0	0.835	17.2	0.816	18.8	0.697	0.084
Total n-6	14.5^a	0.436	12.8^b	0.339	13.5^ab	0.570	13.3^ab	0.332	0.018
n-3/n-6	1.18^c	0.035	1.48^a	0.048	1.27^bc	0.036	1.42^ab	0.025	0.000
Major phospholipid classes
NPL	31.1^b	0.934	34.0^ab	1.37	36.0^a	0.861	33.6^ab	2.73	0.023
PE	33.4	0.732	33.4	0.956	31.9	0.621	34.3	1.55	0.288
PS	21.9	1.21	20.5	2.03	20.5	0.658	18.3	1.89	0.468
PC	13.6^a	0.141	12.1^ab	0.706	11.6^b	0.523	13.9^ab	0.776	0.016

n = 8 per group. ND, not detected. NPL, non-polar lipids; PE, phosphatidylethanolamine; PS, phosphatidylserine; PC, phosphatidylcholine. Total SFA = 14:0 + 16:0anteiso + 16:0 + 18:0 + 19:0 + 20:0 + 22:0 + 23:0 + 24:0; Total MUFA = 16:1n-9 + 16:1n-7 + 18:1n-9 + 18:1n-7 + 20:1n-9 + 20:1n-7 + 22:1n-11 + 22:1n-9 + 24:1n-9; Total PUFA = 16:3n-4 + 16:3n-3 + 16:4n-3 + 18:2n-6 + 18:4n-3 + 20:2n-6 + 20:4n-6 + 20:5n-3 + 22:4n-6 + 22:5n-6 + 22:5n-3 + 22:6n-3; Total n-3 = 16:3n-3 + 16:4n-3 + 18:4n-3 + 20:5n-3 + 22:5n-3 + 22:6n-3; Total n-6 = 18:2n-6 + 20:2n-6 + 20:4n-6 + 22:4n-6 + 22:5n-6. ^a,b,c Means in the same row with different superscripts are statistically different (PDIFF adjust Tukey, P < 0.05)

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