Table 2 Effects of scFOS/OF supplementation on glucose homeostasis in obese or diabetic rodents
| Animal model | Diet | FOS dose | Duration | Fasting condition | Postprandial condition | Other metabolic results | Microbiota analysis (yes/no) | Included in meta-analysis (yes/no) | References | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| G | I | Method | G | I | ||||||||
| Standard diet: less than 20% of energy provided by fat | ||||||||||||
| Male Obese fa/fa Zucker rats | 7% E fat, 73% E CHO | 10% OF | 10 w | = | = |
- Fed (tail vein) - OGTT - Fed (cava and portal veins) |
- = - = - ↓ |
- ND - = - = |
= PP, TG and Chol (cava and portal veins) ↓ hepatic TG and PP | NO | YES | [39] |
| Female Obese Zucker rats | 9.8% E fat, 77.5% E CHO | 5% scFOS | 100 d | = | ↓ | ND | ND | ND |
= TG and Chol = HbA1C | NO | YES | [20] |
| Male Sprague-Dawley rats, DIO | 9.8% E fat, 77.5% E CHO | 3% OF | 6 w | = | = | OGTT | = | = |
↑ PYY OGTT and AUC PYY = GLP-1 = liver TG | YES | YES | [17] |
| Male Sprague-Dawley rats, DIO | 9.8% E fat, 77.5% E CHO | 10% OF | 8 w | ↓ | = | OGTT | ↓ 90 min | ↓ |
↓ leptin OGTT (AUC leptin) ↑ fasting PYY and AUC PYY ↑ fasting portal GLP-1 | YES | YES | [14] |
| Diabetes-prone BB rats | 16.4% E fat, 65.1% E CHO | 5% OF | 160 d | =a | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | NO | NO | [84] |
| Male Wistar rats – Streptozotocin | 7% E fat, 73% E CHO | 10% OF | 6 w | ND | ND |
- OGTT - Fed |
- ↓ - ↓ |
- ↑ - ↑ |
↑ pancreatic insulin and % beta cells (= beta cell mass) ↑ portal and colon GLP-1 ↑ colon proglucagon and PC1 mRNA (= in ileum) | NO | YES | [37] |
| Male Wistar rats – PX - 407 | 9.8% E fat, 77.5% E CHO | 10% or 15% scFOS | 6 w | ND | ↑ | ND | ND | ND | ↑ caecal GLP-1 | YES | NO | [56] |
| High-fat diet: 20 to 60% of energy provided by fat | ||||||||||||
| Male Sprague Dawley rats, DIO | g/100 g: casein (20.0), sucrose (49.9), soybean oil (10.0), lard (10.0) | 10% OF | 7 w | ND | ND | OGTT | ↓ | = |
↓ leptin, ghrelin, GIP OGTT ↑ GLP-1 OGTT ↓ plasma DDP4 | YES | YES | [24] |
| Male Wistar rats – Streptozotocin | 20.4% E fat, 59.9% E CHO | 10% scFOS | 2–6 w |
↓ (after 2, 4 and 6 w) | ND | ND | ND | ND |
↓ urinary glucose excretion (after 4, 5 and 6 w) ↓ plasma cholesterol, creatinine and urea | YES | YES | [19] |
| High-fat diet: more than 60% of energy provided by fat | ||||||||||||
| Ob/ob C57BL/6 mice | 60% E fat, 20% E CHO | 10% OF | 5 w | ↓ | ND | OGTT | ↓ | ND |
↓ plasma TG, LPS ↑ plasma GLP-1 and colon proglucagon mRNA ↑ colon L-cells number | YES | YES | [18] |