Table 2 Effects of scFOS/OF supplementation on glucose homeostasis in obese or diabetic rodents
Animal model | Diet | FOS dose | Duration | Fasting condition | Postprandial condition | Other metabolic results | Microbiota analysis (yes/no) | Included in meta-analysis (yes/no) | References | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
G | I | Method | G | I | ||||||||
Standard diet: less than 20% of energy provided by fat | ||||||||||||
 Male Obese fa/fa Zucker rats | 7% E fat, 73% E CHO | 10% OF | 10 w | = | = | - Fed (tail vein) - OGTT - Fed (cava and portal veins) | - = - = - ↓ | - ND - = - = | = PP, TG and Chol (cava and portal veins) ↓ hepatic TG and PP | NO | YES | [39] |
 Female Obese Zucker rats | 9.8% E fat, 77.5% E CHO | 5% scFOS | 100 d | = | ↓ | ND | ND | ND | = TG and Chol = HbA1C | NO | YES | [20] |
 Male Sprague-Dawley rats, DIO | 9.8% E fat, 77.5% E CHO | 3% OF | 6 w | = | = | OGTT | = | = | ↑ PYY OGTT and AUC PYY = GLP-1 = liver TG | YES | YES | [17] |
 Male Sprague-Dawley rats, DIO | 9.8% E fat, 77.5% E CHO | 10% OF | 8 w | ↓ | = | OGTT | ↓ 90 min | ↓ | ↓ leptin OGTT (AUC leptin) ↑ fasting PYY and AUC PYY ↑ fasting portal GLP-1 | YES | YES | [14] |
 Diabetes-prone BB rats | 16.4% E fat, 65.1% E CHO | 5% OF | 160 d | =a | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | NO | NO | [84] |
 Male Wistar rats – Streptozotocin | 7% E fat, 73% E CHO | 10% OF | 6 w | ND | ND | - OGTT - Fed | - ↓ - ↓ | - ↑ - ↑ | ↑ pancreatic insulin and % beta cells (= beta cell mass) ↑ portal and colon GLP-1 ↑ colon proglucagon and PC1 mRNA (= in ileum) | NO | YES | [37] |
 Male Wistar rats – PX - 407 | 9.8% E fat, 77.5% E CHO | 10% or 15% scFOS | 6 w | ND | ↑ | ND | ND | ND | ↑ caecal GLP-1 | YES | NO | [56] |
High-fat diet: 20 to 60% of energy provided by fat | ||||||||||||
 Male Sprague Dawley rats, DIO | g/100 g: casein (20.0), sucrose (49.9), soybean oil (10.0), lard (10.0) | 10% OF | 7 w | ND | ND | OGTT | ↓ | = | ↓ leptin, ghrelin, GIP OGTT ↑ GLP-1 OGTT ↓ plasma DDP4 | YES | YES | [24] |
 Male Wistar rats – Streptozotocin | 20.4% E fat, 59.9% E CHO | 10% scFOS | 2–6 w | ↓ (after 2, 4 and 6 w) | ND | ND | ND | ND | ↓ urinary glucose excretion (after 4, 5 and 6 w) ↓ plasma cholesterol, creatinine and urea | YES | YES | [19] |
High-fat diet: more than 60% of energy provided by fat | ||||||||||||
 Ob/ob C57BL/6 mice | 60% E fat, 20% E CHO | 10% OF | 5 w | ↓ | ND | OGTT | ↓ | ND | ↓ plasma TG, LPS ↑ plasma GLP-1 and colon proglucagon mRNA ↑ colon L-cells number | YES | YES | [18] |