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Table 4 The changes of weight, BMI, Sirt1, inflammatory factors, and liver enzymes in overweight/obese NAFLD patients

From: Green cardamom increases Sirtuin-1 and reduces inflammation in overweight or obese patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a double-blind randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial

Variables

Intervention

Baseline Mean(SD)

3 Months Mean(SD)

P-value$

Mean Difference (95% CI)

P-value#

Time

Treatment

Interaction

Weight (kg)

Cardamom (n = 43)

85.2(11.3)

84.2(11.3)

< 0.001

−1.0 (−1.7, −0.2)

< 0.001

0.1

0.051

Placebo (n = 44)

88.6(13.2)

88.2(13.9)

0.2

−0.4 (−1.27, 0.47)

0.001

0.1

0.2

BMI (kg/m2)*

Cardamom (n = 43)

30.5(2.4)

30.1(2.4)

< 0.001

−0.4 (−0.55, −0.24)

< 0.001

0.8

0.06

Placebo (n = 44)

30.7(3.2)

30.6(3.4)

0.1

−0.1 (− 0.31, 0.11)

< 0.001

0.8

0.2

Sirt1 (ng/ml)**

Cardamom (n = 43)

1.3(0.5)

1.7(0.5)

< 0.001

0.4 (0.36, 0.43)

< 0.001

0.054

< 0.001

Placebo (n = 44)

1.2(0.5)

1.3(0.5)

0.003

0.1 (0.06, 0.13)

< 0.001

0.04

< 0.001

TNF-α (ng/l)

Cardamom (n = 43)

16.7(4.6)

8.7(4.3)

< 0.001

−8.0 (−8.2, −7.7)

< 0.001

0.001

< 0.001

Placebo (n = 44)

15.9(3.4)

15.2(3.7)

0.03

−0.7 (−0.9, −0.4)

< 0.001

< 0.001

< 0.001

IL-6 (ng/l)

Cardamom (n = 43)

9.7(3.0)

5.0(2.6)

< 0.001

−4.7 (−4.8, −4.5)

< 0.001

0.008

< 0.001

Placebo (n = 44)

9.3(2.6)

8.4(2.5)

0.001

−0.9 (−1.0, − 0.7)

< 0.001

0.009

< 0.001

hs-CRP (mg/l)^

Cardamom (n = 43)

5.5(3.0)

3.7(2.0)

< 0.001

−1.8 (− 1.9, − 1.6)

< 0.001

0.3

< 0.001

Placebo (n = 44)

5.4(3.2)

5.3(3.0)

0.08

−0.1 (−0.3, 0.1)

0.01

0.4

< 0.001

ALT (u/l)**

Cardamom (n = 43)

44.5(16.4)

31.8(12.0)

< 0.001

−12.7 (−13.6, − 11.7)

< 0.001

0.1

< 0.001

Placebo (n = 44)

41.8(12.4)

41.3(12.9)

0.5

−0.5 (−1.3, 0.3)

0.006

0.1

< 0.001

AST (u/l)^

Cardamom (n = 43)

26.0(9.3)

25.0(8.8)

0.08

−1.0 (−1.6, −0.4)

0.2

0.9

0.1

Placebo (n = 44)

25.1(8.0)

25.2(7.6)

0.8

0.1 (−0.4, 0.6)

0.01

0.7

0.3

  1. *Inversely transformed; **Transformed by square root; ^Logarithmically transformed; $Paired t-test; #Two way repeated measures-ANOVA (TWRM-ANOVA), top row: unadjusted; bottom row: adjusted for vitamins E and B6 intake; BMI body mass index, Sirt1 sirtuin-1, TNF-α tumor necrosis factor-alpha, IL-6 interleukin-6, hs-CRP high sensitive c-reactive protein, ALT alanine transaminase, AST aspartate transaminase
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Nutrition & Metabolism

ISSN: 1743-7075

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