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Table 3 Associations between serum TMAO and choline levels with PLC risk stratified by selected factors

From: Trimethylamine N-oxide, a gut microbiota-dependent metabolite of choline, is positively associated with the risk of primary liver cancer: a case-control study

  

Q1

Combined middle half

Q4

P -trend

P -interaction

Serum TMAO

 HBV infectionb

  Yes

n (Cases/Controls)

76/15

333/30

173/15

 

0.095

OR (95% CI) a

1.00

1.83 (0.89–3.78)

2.07 (0.91–4.74)

0.104

  No

n (Cases/Controls)

8/152

53/306

28/153

 

OR (95% CI) a

1.00

3.82 (1.63–8.94)

3.73 (1.50–9.30)

0.006

 Alcohol usingb

  Yes

n (Cases/Controls)

13/21

121/43

52/21

 

0.777

OR (95% CI) a

1.00

2.54 (0.74–8.68)

3.44 (0.88–13.54)

0.092

  No

n (Cases/Controls)

51/145

274/295

160/146

 

OR (95% CI) a

1.00

3.10 (1.69–5.67)

3.57 (1.83–6.96)

0.001

 Smokingb

  Yes

n (Cases/Controls)

41/68

175/136

86/68

 

0.024

OR (95% CI) a

1.00

1.32 (0.59–2.94)

1.47 (0.60–3.60)

0.418

  No

n (Cases/Controls)

30/99

209/200

130/100

 

OR (95% CI) a

1.00

3.92 (1.84–8.35)

4.88 (2.13–11.19)

0.001

 Sexb

  Men

n (Cases/Controls)

74/140

312/287

183/142

 

0.166

OR (95% CI) a

1.00

2.04 (1.16–3.60)

2.28 (1.22–4.26)

0.016

  Women

n (Cases/Controls)

7/25

52/52

43/25

 

OR (95% CI) a

1.00

1.79 (0.38–8.30)

5.23 (1.05–26.10)

0.021

 Metabolic syndromeb

  Yes

n (Cases/Controls)

14/43

75/88

39/43

 

0.473

OR (95% CI) a

1.00

3.04 (0.92–10.01)

3.45 (0.94–12.65)

0.095

  No

n (Cases/Controls)

50/124

307/249

186/124

 

OR (95% CI) a

1.00

2.50 (1.35–4.62)

2.83 (1.44–5.59)

0.006

Serum Choline

 HBV infectionb

  Yes

n (Cases/Controls)

368/15

151/30

63/15

 

0.121

OR (95% CI) a

1.00

0.22 (0.11–0.46)

0.22 (0.09–0.50)

< 0.001

  No

n (Cases/Controls)

52/152

33/306

4/153

 

OR (95% CI) a

1.00

0.24 (0.14–0.43)

0.05 (0.02–0.16)

< 0.001

 Alcohol usingb

  Yes

n (Cases/Controls)

137/21

36/43

13/21

 

0.145

OR (95% CI) a

1.00

0.13 (0.05–0.37)

0.21 (0.05–0.90)

0.001

  No

n (Cases/Controls)

304/146

154/294

27/146

 

OR (95% CI) a

1.00

0.34 (0.21–0.56)

0.13 (0.06–0.27)

< 0.001

 Smokingb

  Yes

n (Cases/Controls)

200/68

69/136

33/68

 

0.001

OR (95% CI) a

1.00

0.16 (0.08–0.34)

0.21 (0.08–0.53)

< 0.001

  No

n (Cases/Controls)

228/98

123/201

18/100

 

OR (95% CI) a

1.00

0.37 (0.21–0.64)

0.12 (0.05–0.27)

< 0.001

 Sexb

  Men

n (Cases/Controls)

361/141

161/286

47/142

 

0.008

OR (95% CI) a

1.00

0.23 (0.14–0.38)

0.20 (0.10–0.38)

< 0.001

  Women

n (Cases/Controls)

69/25

30/52

3/25

 

OR (95% CI) a

1.00

0.34 (0.11–1.10)

0.01 (0.00–0.08)

< 0.001

 Metabolic syndromeb

  Yes

n (Cases/Controls)

94/43

31/88

3/43

 

0.050

OR (95% CI) a

1.00

0.09 (0.03–0.26)

0.01 (0.00–0.10)

< 0.001

  No

n (Cases/Controls)

329/124

169/249

45/124

 

OR (95% CI)a

1.00

0.32 (0.19–0.53)

0.20 (0.10–0.40)

< 0.001

  1. aAdjusted for age, sex, BMI, household income, occupation, marital status, smoking status, alcohol use, presence of metabolic syndrome, and HBV infection status
  2. bStratified factors were not included in the corresponding model
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Nutrition & Metabolism

ISSN: 1743-7075

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