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Table 3 Energy-adjusted baseline dietary intakes of participants according to the tertiles of extracted dietary patternsa

From: Dietary pattern and incidence of chronic kidney disease among adults: a population-based study

 

Tertiles of extracted dietary pattern

 

T1

T2

T3

P b

Lacto vegetarian dietary pattern

 Total energy (kcal)

2021 ± .30.1

2189 ± 30.2

2631 ± 30.2

< 0.001

 Total fat (% energy)

31.5 ± 0.3

31.0 ± 0.2

30.1 ± 0.3

0.002

 Saturated fatty acids (% energy)

10.6 ± 0.2

10.5 ± 0.2

9.99 ± 0.23

0.055

 Protein (% energy)

13.1 ± 0.1

13.8 ± 0.1

14.3 ± 0.1

< 0.001

 Carbohydrate (% energy)

57.0 ± 0.3

57.56 ± 0.3

59.26 ± 0.31

< 0.001

 Calcium (mg/d)

1063 ± 17.4

1278 ± 17.1

1408 ± 17.7

< 0.001

 Magnesium (mg/d)

349 ± 3.6

381 ± 3.5

421 ± 3.6

< 0.001

 Sodium (mg/d)

4866 ± 134

4336 ± 132

4103 ± 136

< 0.001

 Potassium (mg/d)

3005 ± 35.6

3693 ± 35.0

4734 ± 36.2

< 0.001

 Vitamin C (mg/d)

83.0 ± 2.8

132 ± 2.8

226 ± 2.9

< 0.001

Traditional Iranian dietary pattern

 Total energy (kcal)

1856 ± 27.6

2203 ± 27.6

2791 ± 27.6

< 0.001

 Total fat (% energy)

30.9 ± 0.3

30.8 ± 0.2

30.9 ± 0.3

0.971

 Saturated fatty acids (% energy)

10.5 ± 0.2

10.3 ± 0.2

10.2 ± 0.2

0.368

 Protein (% energy)

13.3 ± 0.1

13.7 ± 0.1

14.1 ± 0.1

< 0.001

 Carbohydrate (% energy)

57.2 ± 0.3

57.9 ± 0.3

58.6 ± 0.3

0.006

 Calcium (mg/d)

1277 ± 19

1265 ± 18

1208 ± 19

0.021

 Magnesium (mg/d)

379 ± 4.0

386 ± 3.7

387.1 ± 4.1

0.206

 Sodium (mg/d)

3792 ± 139

4402 ± 131

5112 ± 143

0.230

 Potassium (mg/d)

3885 ± 47

3746 ± 44

3803 ± 49

< 0.001

 Vitamin C (mg/d)

169 ± 3.8

142 ± 3.6

130 ± 3.9

< 0.001

High fat, high sugar dietary pattern

 Total energy (kcal)

1892 ± 28.1

2185 ± 28.1

2774 ± 28.1

< 0.001

 Total fat (% energy)

27.8 ± 0.2

30.8 ± 0.2

34.1 ± 0.3

< 0.001

 Saturated fatty acids (% energy)

9.11 ± 0.2

10.2 ± 0.2

11.7 ± 0.2

< 0.001

 Protein (% energy)

14.5 ± 0.1

13.7 ± 0.1

13.06 ± 0.1

< 0.001

 Carbohydrate (% energy)

60.8 ± 0.3

57.8 ± 0.2

55.1 ± 0.3

< 0.001

 Calcium(mg/d)

1347 ± 18

1281 ± 17

1121 ± 19

< 0.001

 Magnesium(mg/d)

434 ± 3.6

384 ± 3.4

334 ± 3.7

< 0.001

 Sodium (mg/d)

4360 ± 139

4258 ± 132

4688 ± 143

0.143

 Potassium (mg/d)

4167 ± 46

3795 ± 43

3472 ± 47

< 0.001

 Vitamin C (mg/d)

158 ± 3.8

145 ± 3.7

138.2 ± 3.9

< 0.001

  1. aData represented as energy-adjusted mean ± SE for variables (except total energy)
  2. bLinear regression was used for continuous variables and logistic regression for categorical variables
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Nutrition & Metabolism

ISSN: 1743-7075

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