Skip to main content

Table 3 Odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) of type 2 diabetes associated with different levels of RBP4 stratified by various factors in women

From: Retinol binding protein 4 and risk of type 2 diabetes in Singapore Chinese men and women: a nested case-control study

Variables

Quartiles of RBP4

P-trend

P-interaction

n

Q1

Q2

Q3

Q4

Age (year)*

  < 60

390

1.00

1.19 (0.60–2.33)

1.29 (0.69–2.44)

2.06 (1.07–3.96)

0.03

0.85

  ≥ 60

280

1.00

1.03 (0.45–2.34)

2.75 (1.22–6.18)

1.61 (0.76–3.44)

0.11

BMI*, kg/m2

  < 23

293

1.00

1.69 (0.76–3.75)

2.06 (0.99–4.29)

2.71 (1.25–5.88)

0.01

0.14

  ≥ 23

377

1.00

0.85 (0.43–1.66)

1.58 (0.81–3.10)

1.25 (0.66–2.37)

0.23

Alcohol consumption*

 Never

619

1.00

1.09 (0.64–1.85)

1.80 (1.09–2.98)

1.85 (1.12–3.06)

0.004

0.49

 Weekly or daily

51

1.00

6.37 (0.49–82.8)

5.41 (0.44–66.5)

1.51 (0.10–23.6)

0.91

Physical activity*

  < 0.5 h/week

544

1.00

1.25 (0.71–2.22)

1.90 (1.11–3.27)

1.83 (1.08–3.11)

0.01

0.95

  ≥ 0.5 h/week

126

1.00

0.63 (0.18–2.25)

1.39 (0.42–4.60)

1.47 (0.43–5.03)

0.24

Menopausal status*

 Premenopausal

101

1.00

1.67 (0.39–7.18)

1.23 (0.32–4.70)

2.66 (0.70–10.2)

0.20

0.76

 Postmenopausal

569

1.00

1.12 (0.63–1.96)

2.01 (1.17–3.45)

1.80 (1.06–3.08)

0.01

Fasting status*

 Fasting

195

1.00

1.52 (0.58–3.99)

1.15 (0.46–2.91)

1.98 (0.82–4.77)

0.18

0.81

 Non-fasting

475

1.00

1.00 (0.54–1.86)

2.15 (1.20–3.83)

1.72 (0.95–3.10)

0.02

Ferritin*, μg/mL

  < 150

275

1.00

1.28 (0.66–2.48)

1.73 (0.91–3.27)

2.03 (1.06–3.88)

0.02

0.03

  ≥ 150

278

1.00

1.93 (0.37–10.1)

1.60 (0.39–6.62)

0.67 (0.19–2.39)

0.19

Hs-CRP*, mg/L

  < 1.7

329

1.00

1.22 (0.52–2.83)

2.64 (1.23–5.66)

2.60 (1.19–5.66)

0.004

0.16

  ≥ 1.7

341

1.00

1.29 (0.63–2.62)

1.49 (0.76–2.95)

1.49 (0.77–2.90)

0.25

Adiponectin*, μg/mL

  < 8.1

326

1.00

1.61 (0.72–3.61)

2.09 (0.97–4.50)

1.64 (0.80–3.37)

0.26

0.39

  ≥ 8.1

344

1.00

0.92 (0.44–1.95)

1.83 (0.90–3.70)

1.51 (0.72–3.16)

0.10

ALT*, IU/L

  < 21.5

335

1.00

1.06 (0.49–2.30)

3.01 (1.49–6.11)

2.69 (1.31–5.53)

0.001

0.004

  ≥ 21.5

335

1.00

1.25 (0.56–2.83)

0.99 (0.47–2.07)

0.99 (0.48–2.05)

0.74

TG*, mmol/L

  < 1.72

335

1.00

0.95 (0.47–1.92)

1.11 (0.56–2.19)

1.26 (0.62–2.58)

0.45

0.79

  ≥ 1.72

335

1.00

0.90 (0.38–2.13)

1.84 (0.81–4.16)

1.27 (0.57–2.81)

0.34

HDL-C*, mmol/L

  < 1.18

329

1.00

1.62 (0.77–3.42)

2.68 (1.25–5.72)

1.59 (0.80–3.18)

0.22

0.54

  ≥ 1.18

341

1.00

0.77 (0.36–1.66)

1.56 (0.78–3.10)

1.79 (0.87–3.66)

0.02

HbA1c†, %

  < 6.5

328

1.00

2.20 (0.85–5.65)

3.47 (1.40–8.60)

5.13 (1.91–13.8)

0.001

0.19

  ≥ 6.5

342

1.00

1.03 (0.43–2.46)

2.09 (0.93–4.71)

1.61 (0.68–3.80)

0.11

  1. *Odds ratio was estimated using unconditional logistic regression model adjusted for age at blood taken (continuous), dialect group (Cantonese, Hokkien), smoking status (never, past, and current smoker), alcohol intake (never, weekly or daily), weekly moderate-to-vigorous activity levels (<0.5, 0.5-3.9, and ≥4.0 hours/week), education level (primary school and below, secondary or above), history of hypertension (yes, no), fasting status (yes, no), body mass index (continuous), and menopausal status (premenopausal, postmenopausal).
  2. †Odds ratio was estimated using conditional logistic regression model adjusted for abovementioned variables except for dialect group (Cantonese, Hokkien).
  3. Abbreviations: ALT alanine aminotransferase, BMI body mass index, HbA1c Hemoglobin A1c, HDL-C high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, hs-CRP high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, RBP4 retinol binding protein 4, TG triglycerides
Back to article page

Nutrition & Metabolism

ISSN: 1743-7075

Contact us