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Table 1 Protein identification by LC/MS/MS of spots in 2DE gels of 3 day mice hypothalamus which were significantly different in averaged normalised volume in HFD compared to LFD mice (n = 6). Proteins are arranged into 4 broad categories associated with specific functions: Proteins Associated with Cytoskeleton and/or Neuronal Plasticity, Proteins Associated with Cellular Stress, Proteins Associated with Energy Metabolism, all remaining proteins are grouped under Proteins Associated with Other Functions. Proteins belonging in more than one category are marked with an asterix (*) next to their UniProtKB identifier References for Table 1 can be found in Additional file 3

From: A high-fat diet induces rapid changes in the mouse hypothalamic proteome

Spot #

Anova (p)

Fold Change

Protein Name

pI

MW

Average Normalised Volumes

Other Functional Categories

MASCOT Data

UniProtKB

Low Fat

High Fat

Proteins Associated with Cytoskeleton and/or Neuronal Plasticity

 24

8.14E-04

1.2

Dihydropyrimidinase-related protein 2

6.48

71,179

785,600

644,200

Alzheimer’s disease/Neuronal degeneration (s1-s7)

Score: 56 Matches: 5(3) Sequences: 5(3)

O08553

 33a

1.00E-03

1.3

6.46

67,358

431,700

342,400

Score: 56 Matches: 5(3) Sequences: 5(3)

 33b

8.00E-03

1.6

6.38

64,410

41,860

25,450

Score: 56 Matches: 5(3) Sequences: 5(3)

 22

2.00E-03

1.2

6.07

75,305

345,200

426,100

Score: 54 Matches: 5(2) Sequences: 5(2)

 34

4.00E-03

1.4

6.58

66,703

130,200

92,110

Score: 96 Matches: 6(2) Sequences: 6(2)

 27

7.00E-03

1.2

6.72

69,760

1,976,000

1,616,000

Score: 555 Matches: 68(37) Sequences: 17(13)

 90

9.00E-03

1.2

6.58

70,524

660,200

534,100

Score: 446 Matches: 50(25) Sequences: 16(14)

 25

1.90E-02

1.5

6.59

74,017

115,700

75,120

Score: 66 Matches: 5(2) Sequences: 5(2)

 23

3.70E-02

1.4

6.35

72,817

26,820

36,860

Score: 159 Matches: 17(10) Sequences:12(9)

 92

1.50E-02

1.2

Dihydropyrimidinase-related protein 1

7.27

67,795

342,400

274,800

Score: 104 Matches: 14(5) Sequences: 12(5)

P97427

 35

3.50E-02

1.4

Dihydropyrimidinase-related protein 5

8.18

71,943

553,000

752,200

(s8)

Score: 44 Matches: 4(1) Sequences: 4(1) emPAI: 0.06

Q9EQF6

 37

1.00E-03

1.5

Fascin

6.65

54,476

202,200

137,500

Astrocyte specific

Alzheimer’s disease/Neuronal degeneration (s9-s11)

Score: 51 Matches: 2(1) Sequences: 2(1)

Q61553

 125

4.00E-03

1.5

6.64

56,114

66,550

44,030

Score: 51 Matches: 2(1) Sequences: 2(1)

 86

1.00E-03

1.4

Thrombospondin type-1 domain-containing protein 1

6.44

89,787

21,030

14,960

Cellular stress

Astrocyte specific

Alzheimer’s disease/Neuronal degeneration (s13)

Score: 36 Matches: 3(1) Sequences: 1(1)

Q9JM61*

 17

2.00E-03

1.4

Contactin-2

6.16

77,287

157,100

214,400

Alzheimer’s disease/Neuronal degeneration (s14)

Score: 35 Matches: 1(1) Sequences: 1(1)

Q61330

 88

3.00E-03

1.4

Dynamin-1-like protein

6.65

88,262

44,130

31,300

Cellular stress

Mitochondrial (s15,s16)

Score: 56 Matches: 6(4) Sequences: 6(4)

Q8K1M6*

 87

1.90E-02

1.4

6.52

88,872

44,600

32,400

Score: 37 Matches: 2(1) Sequences: 2(1)

 85

1.90E-02

1.3

7.21

91,921

31,110

24,030

Score: 53 Matches: 4(2) Sequences: 4(2)

 52

4.00E-03

1.7

F-actin-capping protein subunit alpha-1

6.06

35,065

33,650

55,680

Alzheimer’s disease/Neuronal degeneration (s17, s18)

Score: 82 Matches: 1(1) Sequences: 1(1) e

P47753

 58

1.00E-02

1.2

F-actin-capping protein subunit β

6

29,413

633,600

780,600

Score: 80 Matches: 6(2) Sequences: 6(2)

P47757

 124

4.00E-03

1.3

Fatty acid-binding protein, brain

5.69

12,708

329,600

413,500

Cellular stress

Astrocyte specific

Alzheimer’s disease/Neuronal degeneration (s19-s21)

Score: 47 Matches: 2(1) Sequences: 2(1)

P51880*

 99

4.00E-03

1.3

Dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1

6.78

45,886

588,200

453,000

Alzheimer’s disease/Neuronal degeneration (s22-s24)

Score: 100 Matches: 7(4) Sequences: 6(4)

P31938

 82

5.00E-03

2

Profilin-1

9.98

12,625

23,210

47,490

Alzheimer’s disease/Neuronal degeneration (s25-s28)

Score: 73 Matches: 5(2) Sequences: 3(2)

P62962

 122

7.00E-03

1.5

Profilin-2

5.65

13,875

115,800

171,500

Score: 62 Matches: 2(2) Sequences: 2(2)

Q9JJV2

 96

8.00E-03

1.5

Actin-related protein 3

6.18

50,983

31,780

47,350

Alzheimer’s disease/Neuronal degeneration (s29)

Score: 47 Matches: 4(1) Sequences: 4(1)

Q99JY9

 93

1.20E-02

1.5

Plastin-3

6.09

68,341

25,000

36,730

Alzheimer’s disease/Neuronal degeneration (s30)

Score: 65 Matches: 5(3) Sequences: 5(3)

Q99K51

 76

1.50E-02

1.4

Nucleoside diRAphosphate kinase A

7.14

15,333

279,200

205,400

Alzheimer’s disease/Neuronal degeneration (s31, s32)

Score: 101 Matches: 15(8) Sequences: 6(4) emPAI: 1.23

P15532

 116

1.70E-02

1.3

GTP-binding nuclear protein Ran

7.61

24,820

524,100

398,300

Alzheimer’s disease/Neuronal degeneration (s33, s34)

Score: 131 Matches: 11(5) Sequences: 6(4)

P62827

 26

2.10E-02

1.3

WD repeat-containing protein 1

6.89

73,690

146,600

116,800

(s35, s36)

W Score: 65 Matches: 11(3) Sequences: 8(3)

O88342

 55

2.30E-02

1.2

T Tropomyosin alpha-1 chain

4.72

30,497

340,400

407,500

Alzheimer’s disease/Neuronal degeneration (s37, s38)

Score: 70 Matches: 3(3) Sequences: 3(3)

P58771

 89

2.10E-02

1.2

6.47

87,348

30,950

25,160

Score: 119 Matches: 9(3) Sequences: 9(3)

 69

2.60E-02

1.2

Stathmin

6.07

16,606

642,900

761,200

Alzheimer’s disease/Neuronal degeneration (s39, s40)

Score: 36 Matches: 2(1) Sequences: 2(1)

P54227

 60

2.60E-02

1.3

Talin-2

6.66

31,968

63,640

47,710

(s41)

Score: 34 Matches: 2(1) Sequences: 2(1)

Q71LX4

 63

2.70E-02

1.4

Sepiapterin reductase

6.05

26,394

111,900

157,000

Alzheimer’s disease/Neuronal degeneration (s42)

Score: 34 Matches: 2(1) Sequences: 2(1)

Q64105

 74

3.10E-02

1.2

Spastin

4.91

15,061

311,900

375,100

Alzheimer’s disease/Neuronal degeneration (s43-s45)

Score: 34 Matches: 1(1) Sequences: 1(1)

Q9QYY8

 71

4.80E-02

1.1

Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase A

7.33

16,394

173,900

153,400

Alzheimer’s disease/Neuronal degeneration (s46-s48)

Score: 53 Matches: 4(2) Sequences: 4(2)

P17742

 67

3.80E-02

1.1

Beta-synuclein

4.13

17,576

1,879,000

2,051,000

Alzheimer’s disease/Neuronal degeneration (s49, s50)

Score: 57 Matches: 2(1) Sequences: 1(1)

Q91ZZ3

Proteins Associated with Cellular Stress

 20a

1.00E-03

1.6

Heat shock 70 kDa protein 12A

6.68

79,878

61,440

39,140

Alzheimer’s disease/Neuronal degeneration (s51, s52)

Score: 69 Matches: 4(2) Sequences: 4(2)

Q8K0U4

 20b

3.00E-03

1.5

6.71

83,079

95,300

64,690

Score: 69 Matches: 4(2) Sequences: 4(2)

 20c

1.50E-02

1.3

6.75

80,640

119,400

88,760

Score: 69 Matches: 4(2) Sequences: 4(2)

 79

8.00E-03

1.5

10 kDa heat shock protein, mitochondrial

7.29

10,958

645,800

427,900

Mitochondrial (s53)

Score: 47 Matches: 3(1) Sequences: 3(1)

Q64433

 31

2.50E-02

1.2

60 kDa heat shock protein, mitochondrial

5.79

63,646

1,008,000

1,245,000

Mitochondrial

Alzheimer’s disease/Neuronal degeneration (s54)

Score: 604 Matches: 70(41) Sequences: 18(15)

P63038

 21

2.90E-02

1.2

Heat shock cognate 71 kDa protein

5.73

75,915

4,300,000

5,025,000

Alzheimer’s disease/Neuronal degeneration (s2)

Score: 51 Matches: 7(2) Sequences: 7(2)

P63017

 42

2.90E-02

1.3

8.07

48,958

1,434,000

1,799,000

Score: 183 Matches: 10(7) Sequences: 8(6)

 19

9.00E-03

1.3

Heat shock protein 105 kDa

6.72

88,567

67,300

50,100

(s55)

Score: 35 Matches: 1(1) Sequences: 1(1)

Q61699

 114

1.00E-03

1.4

PITH domain-containing protein 1

5.95

25,039

52,050

73,410

 

Score: 66 Matches: 6(3) Sequences: 6(3)

Q8BWR2

 45

2.00E-03

1.5

Elongation factor Tu, mitochondrial

7

46,325

170,000

110,000

Mitochondrial

Alzheimer’s disease/Neuronal degeneration s56)

Score: 66 Matches: 6(4) Sequences: 6(4)

Q8BFR5

 165

2.00E-03

1.3

Amyloid beta A4 precursor protein-binding family B member 3

6.16

23,597

101,500

135,700

Alzheimer’s disease/Neuronal degeneration (s57)

Score: 44 Matches: 7(1) Sequences: 1(1)

Q8R1C9

 15

1.70E-02

1.3

6.05

88,110

31,970

40,700

Score: 51 Matches: 8(3) Sequences: 1(1)

 38

3.80E-02

1.4

7.25

55,131

165,400

114,700

Score: 49 Matches: 10(5) Sequences: 3(1)

 48

8.00E-03

1.3

6.83

41,004

128,000

95,720

Score: 55 Matches: 8(3) Sequences: 1(1)

 2

6.00E-03

1.4

5.91

211,272

47,200

66,770

Score: 48 Matches: 11(3) Sequences: 1(1)

 8

4.00E-03

1.4

Lon protease homolog, mitochondria

6.78

143,046

95,550

66,140

Mitochondrial (s58)

Score: 50 Matches: 4(2) Sequences: 4(2)

Q8CGK3

 112

5.00E-03

1.3

Biliverdin reductase

7.26

32,355

306,500

241,400

Alzheimer’s disease/Neuronal degeneration (s59)

Score: 49 Matches: 5(2) Sequences: 5(2)

Q9CY64

 106

6.00E-03

1.3

Pyridoxal kinase

6.12

37,439

541,300

681,500

Alzheimer’s disease/Neuronal degeneration (s60, s61)

Score: 142 Matches: 11(8) Sequences: 8(7)

Q8K183

 47

9.00E-03

1.2

Serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A activator

6.5

40,401

325,700

261,300

Alzheimer’s disease/Neuronal degeneration (s62)

Score: 55 Matches: 4(1) Sequences: 4(1)

P58389

 113

1.00E-02

1.5

Purine nucleoside phosphorylase

6.15

29,645

60,300

89,000

Alzheimer’s disease/Neuronal degeneration (s63, s64)

Score: 56 Matches: 6(2) Sequences: 6(2) e

P23492

 77

1.30E-02

2

Peroxiredoxin-5

8.69

15,091

208,000

409,900

Mitochondrial

Alzheimer’s disease/Neuronal degeneration (s65, s66)

Mass: 22226 Score: 181 Matches: 14(9) Sequences: 8(6)

P99029

 78

3.20E-02

1.9

9.13

15,121

155,800

83,470

Score: 84 Matches: 9(4) Sequences: 6(4) emPAI: 0.88

 94

1.70E-02

1.4

Alpha-aminoadipic semialdehyde dehydrogenase

6.57

59,170

56,390

41,730

(67)

Score: 110 Matches: 6(4) Sequences: 6(4)

Q9DBF1

 49

4.00E-02

1.7

Fructose-bisphosphate aldolase C

8

40,291

67,960

114,800

Glucose metabolism

Mitochondrial

Alzheimer’s disease/Neuronal degeneration (s68-s70)

Score: 143 Matches: 8(5) Sequences: 8(5)

P05063*

 95

4.20E-02

1.3

Aldehyde dehydrogenase, mitochondrial

6.79

54,367

713,100

564,900

Mitochondrial

Alzheimer’s disease/Neuronal degeneration (s71, s72)

Score: 160 Matches: 14(10) Sequences: 11(9)

P47738

 101

4.40E-02

1.4

DNA fragmentation factor subunit alpha

6.93

43,473

200,500

147,500

Alzheimer’s disease/Neuronal degeneration(s73, 7 s4)

Score: 42 Matches: 1(1) Sequences: 1(1)

O54786

Proteins Associated with Energy Metabolism

 13

5.09E-04

1.2

Aconitate hydratase, mitochondrial

7.99

93,902

617,800

528,900

Cellular stress

Mitochondrial

Alzheimer’s disease/Neuronal degeneration(s9, s75)

Score: 159 Matches: 16(6) Sequences: 13(6)

Q99KI0*

 53

9.00E-03

1.5

Malate dehydrogenase, cytoplasmic

6.07

34,445

68,430

104,200

Alzheimer’s disease/Neuronal degeneration (s9)

Score: 65 Matches: 4(1) Sequences: 4(1) emPAI: 0.11

P14152

 108

1.50E-02

1.2

6.46

37,603

129,700

104,000

Score: 62 Matches: 2(1) Sequences: 2(1)

 109

7.00E-03

1.2

6.53

34,252

3,506,000

2,996,000

Score: 435 Matches: 39(24) Sequences: 10(7)

 104

7.00E-03

1.3

Isocitrate dehydrogenase [NAD] subunit alpha, mitochondrial

6.06

41,608

130,800

164,600

Mitochondrial

Alzheimer’s disease/Neuronal degeneration (s76, s77)

Score: 73 Matches: 6(3) Sequences: 6(3)

Q9D6R2

 105

7.00E-03

1.2

6.04

40,456

647,600

774,800

Score: 205 Matches: 21(12) Sequences: 13(8)

 117

9.00E-03

1.9

Triosephosphate isomerase

8.56

26,200

94,250

178,000

Alzheimer’s disease/Neuronal degeneration (s78, s79)

Score: 128 Matches: 13(7) Sequences: 6(5)

P17751

 41

1.00E-02

1.2

Alpha-enolase

6.89

48,793

3,024,000

2,527,000

Alzheimer’s disease/Neuronal degeneration (s75, s80)

Score: 310 Matches: 55(26) Sequences: 15(12)

P17182

 40

1.70E-02

1.3

6.66

49,013

1,724,000

1,284,000

Score: 125 Matches: 17(9) Sequences: 11(7)

 97

1.20E-02

2.5

Pyruvate kinase

8.82

48,848

47,750

117,800

Alzheimer’s disease/Neuronal degeneration (s81)

Score: 121 Matches: 14(8) Sequences: 10(7)

P52480

 49

2.60E-02

1.2

Phosphoglucomutase-1

7.02

67,904

384,900

309,800

Alzheimer’s disease/Neuronal degeneration (s82, s83)

Score: 349 Matches: 28(18) Sequences: 20(17)

Q9D0F9

 110

2.70E-02

1.4

Glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase 1-like protein

7

39,084

138,600

99,230

Alzheimer’s disease/Neuronal degeneration (s84)

Score: 160 Matches: 12(7) Sequences: 11(7)

Q3ULJ0

 49

4.00E-02

1.7

Fructose-bisphosphate aldolase C

8

40,291

67,960

114,800

Cellular stress

Mitochondrial

Alzheimer’s disease/Neuronal degeneration (s68-s71)

Score: 143 Matches: 8(5) Sequences: 8(5)

P05063*

 64

4.30E-02

1.2

Phosphoglycerate mutase 1

7.32

27,981

999,700

830,600

Alzheimer’s disease/Neuronal degeneration(s85)

Score: 127 Matches: 12(5) Sequences: 6(4)

Q9DBJ1

Protein Associated with Other Functions

 107

5.94E-04

1.4

Glycine--tRNA ligase

6.47

81,250

112,900

79,050

Protein synthesis

Alzheimer’s disease/Neuronal degeneration (s86)

Score: 82 Matches: 10(4) Sequences: 9(4)

Q9CZD3

 98

8.10E-04

1.5

RNA polymerase II-associated factor 1 homolog

6.49

44,734

131,600

88,860

Regulation of transcription, Wnt signaling pathway

Alzheimer’s disease/Neuronal degeneration (s87)

Score: 39 Matches: 2(1) Sequences: 2(1)

Q8K2T8

 16

8.11E-04

1.4

Ski oncogene

6.15

88,567

83,770

115,100

Signalling, Inhibits TGF beta signalling

Score: 37 Matches: 3(1) Sequences: 1(1)

Q60698

 9

1.70E-02

1.6

6.82

119,868

157,100

99,730

Score: 34 Matches: 1(1) Sequences: 1(1)

 36

4.00E-03

1.6

Histidine--tRNA ligase, cytoplasmic

6.16

55,349

88,260

144,700

Protein synthesis

Alzheimer’s disease/Neuronal degeneration (s88)

Score: 136 Matches: 10(6) Sequences: 9(6)

Q61035

 7a

4.00E-03

1.4

Putative helicase Mov10l1

6.14

123,179

29,440

42,400

Negative regulation of cell cycle

Score: 43 Matches: 1(1) Sequences: 1(1)

Q99MV5

 7b

6.00E-03

1.5

6.19

121,854

32,970

49,230

Score: 43 Matches: 1(1) Sequences: 1(1)

 44

5.00E-03

1.3

Rab GDP dissociation inhibitor beta

6.65

47,312

412,900

311,300

Signalling, Positive regulation of GTPase activity

Alzheimer’s disease/Neuronal degeneration (s89)

Score: 104 Matches: 9(4) Sequences: 8(4)

Q61598

 84

6.00E-03

1.6

Transcription termination factor 1

6.12

99,390

8292.349

13,440

Regulation of transcription

Score: 36 Matches: 2(1) Sequences: 2(1)

Q62187

 32

7.00E-03

1.5

HMG box-containing protein

6.12

64,083

137,800

200,000

Regulation of transcription, Wnt signaling

Score: 40 Matches: 1(1) Sequences: 1(1)

Q8R316

 118

8.00E-03

1.4

UMP-CMP kinase

6.16

22,194

133,000

187,600

Pyrimidine biosynthesis

Score: 91 Matches: 6(4) Sequences: 6(4)

Q9DBP5

 100

9.00E-03

1.4

Paraspeckle component 1

6.86

46,160

178,800

126,900

Control of transcription

Circadian rhythms

Score: 37 Matches: 3(0) Sequences: 3(0)

Q8R326

 43

1.07E-02

1.3

Ornithine aminotransferase, mitochondrial

6.42

46,949

495,800

385,200

Amino acid metabolism

Mitochondrial

Score: 90 Matches: 7(5) Sequences: 7(5)

P29758

 61

1.10E-02

1.2

Omega-amidase NIT2

6.88

30,652

104,200

87,480

Amino acid metabolism

Score: 45 Matches: 3(1) Sequences: 3(1)

Q9JHW2

 121

1.30E-02

1.5

Cytidine deaminase

5.63

15,212

32,230

47,840

Pyrimidine metabolism, Negative regulation of cell growth

Score: 34 Matches: 1(1) Sequences: 1(1)

P56389

 59

1.70E-02

1.3

Haloacid dehalogenase-like hydrolase domain-containing protein 2

6.16

30,652

216,800

280,000

Metabolism, Dephosphorylation

Score: 50 Matches: 5(2) Sequences: 2(1)

Q3UGR5

 120

1.80E-02

1.4

Sec1 family domain-containing protein 1

4.66

13,958

79,910

109,000

Cell morphogenesis, protein transport

Score: 48 Matches: 3(1) Sequences: 1(1)

Q8BRF7

 103

1.80E-02

1.3

Ras-like protein family member 10B

6.07

43,143

78,700

105,900

Signaling

Score: 39 Matches: 1(1) Sequences: 1(1)

Q5SSG5

 5

1.90E-02

1.5

Neutral alpha-glucosidase AB

6.13

146,358

32,530

47,230

Glycoprotein syntheses, Glycan metabolism

Score: 40 Matches: 3(1) Sequences: 3(1)

Q8BHN3

 119

2.00E-02

1.4

Acylamino-acid-releasing enzyme

6.99

19,848

113,700

83,510

Beta amyloid processes, Proteolysis Alzheimer’s disease/Neuronal degeneration (s90)

Score: 39 Matches: 5(1) Sequences: 2(1)

Q8R146

 111

2.10E-02

1.2

Phosphatidylinositol transfer protein alpha isoform

6.68

33,206

394,200

338,000

Transport of PtdIns and phosphatidylcholine, Axonogenesis

Score: 51 Matches: 11(1) Sequences: 7(1)

P53810

 83

2.20E-02

1.3

Solute carrier family 12 member 1

4.62

98,323

38,480

51,740

Regulation of ionic balance and cell volume

Score: 39 Matches: 3(1) Sequences: 3(1)

P55014

 14

2.30E-02

1.2

RalBP1-associated Eps domain-containing protein 2

5.21

83,232

525,500

609,200

Growth factor signaling, Cell migration

Score: 36 Matches: 1(1) Sequences: 1(1)

Q80XA6

 115

2.40E-02

1.3

Isopentenyl-diphosphate delta-isomerase 2

6.13

25,465

19,710

26,100

Cholesterol metabolism

Score: 39 Matches: 1(1) Sequences: 1(1)

Q8BFZ6

 102

2.50E-02

1.2

Glutamine synthetase

7.25

45,228

1,248,000

1,016,000

Positive regulation of synaptic transmission, Cellular response to starvation

Alzheimer’s disease/Neuronal degeneration (s91)

Score: 160 Matches: 32(9) Sequences: 10(7)

P15105

 70

2.70E-02

1.2

Glycolipid transfer protein

7.25

20,036

113,000

92,910

Glycolipid transport, Glucoceramide transport

Score: 36 Matches: 2(1) Sequences: 2(1)

Q9JL62

 123

3.20E-02

1.2

Cystatin-B

7.14

12,833

63,610

52,090

Protease inhibitor, Negative regulation of proteolysis

Alzheimer’s disease/Neuronal degeneration (s92)

Mass: 11153 Score: 45 Matches: 1(1) Sequences: 1(1)

Q62426