Tea, coffee, caffeine intake and the risk of cardio-metabolic outcomes: findings from a population with low coffee and high tea consumption

Table 4 The risk of cardiometabolic outcomes across tertiles of coffee intakes: Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study

Coffee	Non-drinker	Drinker	P value	Each cup/week
CVD		(0.11–1750 ml/day)
Crude	1.00	0.46 (0.29–0.73)^*	0.001	0.99 (0.91–1.09)
Model 1	1.00	0.55 (0.34–0.87)^*	0.010	1.00 (0.93–1.08)
Model 2	1.00	0.57 (0.36–0.91)^*	0.023	1.01 (0.93–1.09)
HTN		(0.11–1750 ml/day)
Crude	1.00	0.56 (0.44–0.73)^*	< 0.001	0.95 (0.88–1.02)
Model 1	1.00	0.83 (0.63–1.10)	0.125	0.98 (0.92–1.04)
Model 2	1.00	0.83 (0.63–1.10)	0.121	0.98 (0.92–1.04)
CKD		(0.11–1750 ml/day)
Crude	1.00	1.12 (0.87–1.53)	0.367	0.98 (0.93–1.04)
Model 1	1.00	1.16 (0.99–1.51)	0.249	0.97 (0.91–1.04)
Model 2	1.00	1.17 (0.90–1.51)	0.245	0.97 (0.91–1.04)

Data are hazard ratio (95% CI); proportional hazard Cox regression and logistic regression were used. CI confidence interval, CKD chronic kidney disease, CVD cardiovascular disease, HTN hypertension
Median of coffee intake among coffee drinkers was 8.33 ml/day
^aModel 1 was adjusted for CVD risk score; model 2 was additionally adjusted for tea (ml/day), dietary fat (g/d), fiber (g/d) and total energy (kcal/d)
^bModel 1 was adjusted for sex, age, BMI, TGs to HDL-C ratio; model 2 was additionally adjusted for tea (ml/day), total energy intake (kcal/d)
^cModel 1 was adjusted for sex, age, BMI, TGs to HDL-C ratio, and smoking; model 2 was additionally adjusted for tea (ml/day), dietary fat (g/d), fiber (g/d) and total energy (kcal/d)
*P < 0.05

ISSN: 1743-7075