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Table 3 Mean difference and standard deviation of z-score of SBP and DBP across maternal groups in 3316 Chinese school students

From: Parental overweight and hypertension are associated with their children’s blood pressure

  

Body weight

History of hypertension

Education level

Variable

Model

Normal

Overweight

P value

Negative

Positive

P value

Low

High

P value

 

Number

2892

424

–

3194

122

–

1902

1404

–

SBP z-score

Model 1

0 (ref)

0.2 ± 0.07

0.003

0 (ref)

0.31 ± 0.12

0.009

0 (ref)

−0.005 ± 0.05

0.91

Model 2

0 (ref)

0.2 ± 0.06

< 0.001

0 (ref)

0.3 ± 0.12

0.01

0 (ref)

−0.006 ± 0.05

0.91

Model 3

0 (ref)

0.01 ± 0.07

0.84

0 (ref)

0.14 ± 0.13

0.27

0 (ref)

−0.005 ± 0.05

0.86

Model 4

0 (ref)

0.1 ± 0.06

0.11

0 (ref)

0.15 ± 0.12

0.19

0 (ref)

−0.01 ± 0.05

0.79

Model 5

0 (ref)

0.09 ± 0.06

0.13

0 (ref)

0.13 ± 0.12

0.27

0 (ref)

−0.001 ± 0.05

0.98

DBP z-score

Model 1

0 (ref)

0.21 ± 0.05

< 0.001

0 (ref)

0.31 ± 0.1

0.002

0 (ref)

0.02 ± 0.04

0.69

Model 2

0 (ref)

0.19 ± 0.05

< 0.001

0 (ref)

0.31 ± 0.1

0.002

0 (ref)

−0.004 ± 0.04

0.91

Model 3

0 (ref)

0.09 ± 0.06

0.15

0 (ref)

0.19 ± 0.11

0.08

0 (ref)

−0.006 ± 0.04

0.88

Model 4

0 (ref)

0.14 ± 0.05

0.009

0 (ref)

0.22 ± 0.1

0.03

0 (ref)

−0.006 ± 0.04

0.84

Model 5

0 (ref)

0.13 ± 0.05

0.02

0 (ref)

0.2 ± 0.1

0.047

0 (ref)

−0.001 ± 0.04

0.97

  1. Paternal overweight includes overweight and obese (BMI ≥ 24.0 kg/m2). Low education level refers as the highest level ≤ middle school and high as ≥high school. SBP systolic blood pressure, DBP diastolic blood pressure
  2. Model 1: adjusted for age (y) and sex
  3. Model 2: adjusted for variables in model 1 and further adjusted for height (cm), birth weight (g), infant feeding (breastfeeding, part breastfeeding or bottle-feeding), physical activities (< 1 h or ≥ 1 h per day), night sleep duration (< 9 h or ≥ 9 h per day), consumption of carbonated beverage (≤3 or ≥ 4 bottles per week), western fast food (≤4 or ≥ 5 times per month), traditional Chinese fried food (≤4 or ≥ 5 times per week), and processed meat (≤4 or ≥ 5 times per week)
  4. Model 3: adjusted for variables in model 2 and further adjusted z-score of children’s BMI
  5. Model 4: adjusted for variables in model 2 and further adjusted z-score of children’s waist circumference
  6. Model 5: adjusted for variables in model 2 and further adjusted z-score of children’s percentage of body fat
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Nutrition & Metabolism

ISSN: 1743-7075

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