Fig. 2

Effect of resveratrol on the differentiation of osteoblasts and osteoclasts. a and b The osteoblasts were isolated from the rat lumbar vertebrae (L1-L5) in each group, and the protein levels of VEGF, TNFSF11, COL1A1, and BGLAP were measured by Western blotting; c and d The osteoclasts were isolated from the rat lumbar vertebrae (L1-L5) in each group, and the protein level of RANKL was measured by Western blotting. VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor; TNFSF11, tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 11; COL1A1, alpha-1 type I collagen; BGLAP, bone glaprotein; RANKL, receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand. The data were shown as the mean ± SD (n = 3). Compared to the Sham group, *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001; Compared to the OVX group, # p < 0.05, ## p < 0.01, ### p < 0.001