Fig. 3

Gene expression in retroperitoneal WAT, hypothalamus and associations with gut microbiome changes. a Adipokine, metabolic and inflammatory gene expression in retroperitoneal WAT. b Feeding- and stress-related gene expression in the hypothalamus. c Blood-brain barrier and pro-inflammatory gene expression in the hypothalamus. Adipoq: adiponectin, Agrp: Agouti-related protein, Cln5: Claudin-5, Crh: Corticotrophin releasing hormone, Glut1: Glucose transporter 1, Il6: interleukin 6, Il10: interleukin-10, Il1b: interleukin 1 beta, Insr: Insulin receptor, Lep: Leptin, Lepr: Leptin receptor, Npy: Neuropeptide y, Npy1r: Neuropeptide y receptor 1, Ocln: Occludin, Pomc: Pro-opiomelanocortin, Tjp1: Tight junction protein 1, Tnf: Tumour necrosis factor, Ucp1: uncoupling protein 1; Data expressed as mean ± SEM; n = 11–12; data were analyzed by two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey-adjusted post-hoc testing. ^ap < 0.05 relative to CSed, ^bp < 0.05 relative to CEx, ^cp < 0.05 relative to CafSed