Nutrition & Metabolism

Table 1 Composition of five diets^a

From: Hawthorn fruit extract reduced trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO)-exacerbated atherogenesis in mice via anti-inflammation and anti-oxidation

Ingredient (g)	LFD	WD	WD + TMAO	WD + TMAO + L-HFE	WD + TMAO + H-HFE
Corn starch	600.2	414.6	414.6	414.6	414.6
Casein	140.0	167.1	167.1	167.1	167.1
Sucrose	100.0	69.1	69.1	69.1	69.1
Powdered cellulose	50.0	59.7	59.7	59.7	59.7
Lard	40.0	204.3	204.3	204.3	204.3
AIN 76 mineral mix	35.0	41.8	41.8	41.8	41.8
Gelatin	20.0	23.9	23.9	23.9	23.9
AIN 93 vitamin mix	10.0	11.9	11.9	11.9	11.9
Choline bitartrate	2.5	3.0	3.0	3.0	3.0
_DL-Methionine	2.3	2.7	2.7	2.7	2.7
Cholesterol	–	1.5	1.5	1.5	1.5
TMAO^b	–	–	2.0	2.0	2.0
Hawthorn fruit extract	–	–	–	10.0	20.0
Total	1000	1000	1002	1012	1022
kcal/g	3.9	4.6	4.6	4.6	4.6
% kcal
Carbohydrate	73.8	43.1	43.1	43.1	43.1
Protein	16.9	16.9	16.9	16.9	16.9
Fat	9.4	40.0	40.0	40.0	40.0

^aThe five diets include a low-fat diet (LFD), a Western diet (WD) containing 0.15% cholesterol and 40% energy from fat, a WD plus 0.2% TMAO (WD + TMAO), a WD with 0.2% TMAO and 1% hawthorn fruit extract (WD + TMAO + L-HFE), and a WD with 0.2% TMAO and 2% hawthorn fruit extract (WD + TMAO + H-HFE)
^bTMAO dihydrate equivalent to 0.2% free TMAO was dissolved in distilled water and then mixed with the other ingredients

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ISSN: 1743-7075

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