| LFD | WD | WD + TMAO | WD + TMAO + L-HFE | WD + TMAO + H-HFE | p value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Food intake | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Daily food intake (g/d) | 3.96 ± 0.23a | 3.32 ± 0.10b | 3.16 ± 0.10b | 3.20 ± 0.15b | 3.29 ± 0.29b | 0.002 |
 Daily energy intake (kcal/d) | 15.25 ± 0.89 | 15.28 ± 0.46 | 14.51 ± 0.47 | 14.54 ± 0.67 | 14.81 ± 1.31 | 0.662 |
Body weight (g) | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Initial | 24.8 ± 1.4 | 24.8 ± 1.1 | 25.0 ± 1.0 | 25.2 ± 0.8 | 24.8 ± 0.8 | 0.950 |
 Final | 28.1 ± 1.4c | 30.0 ± 1.1ab | 29.1 ± 1.2bc | 30.2 ± 1.4ab | 30.7 ± 1.6a | 0.006 |
Organ weight (% body weight) | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Liver | 4.00 ± 0.22 | 3.84 ± 0.06 | 3.86 ± 0.14 | 3.89 ± 0.08 | 3.85 ± 0.11 | 0.133 |
 Testis | 0.61 ± 0.10 | 0.62 ± 0.05 | 0.69 ± 0.06 | 0.63 ± 0.12 | 0.57 ± 0.12 | 0.202 |
 Kidney | 1.05 ± 0.08 | 1.00 ± 0.07 | 1.02 ± 0.05 | 1.05 ± 0.09 | 1.03 ± 0.05 | 0.544 |
 Epididymal adipose tissue | 2.21 ± 0.37 | 1.77 ± 0.61 | 1.91 ± 0.54 | 2.03 ± 0.33 | 2.15 ± 0.74 | 0.513 |
 Perirenal adipose tissue | 0.77 ± 0.26 | 0.59 ± 0.28 | 0.66 ± 0.25 | 0.67 ± 0.23 | 0.87 ± 0.31 | 0.317 |
 Heart | 0.64 ± 0.05 | 0.63 ± 0.09 | 0.70 ± 0.07 | 0.67 ± 0.06 | 0.69 ± 0.06 | 0.231 |