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Table 3 Food intake, body weight, and organ weight in ApoE−/− mice

From: Hawthorn fruit extract reduced trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO)-exacerbated atherogenesis in mice via anti-inflammation and anti-oxidation

 

LFD

WD

WD + TMAO

WD + TMAO + L-HFE

WD + TMAO + H-HFE

p value

Food intake

      

 Daily food intake (g/d)

3.96 ± 0.23a

3.32 ± 0.10b

3.16 ± 0.10b

3.20 ± 0.15b

3.29 ± 0.29b

0.002

 Daily energy intake (kcal/d)

15.25 ± 0.89

15.28 ± 0.46

14.51 ± 0.47

14.54 ± 0.67

14.81 ± 1.31

0.662

Body weight (g)

      

 Initial

24.8 ± 1.4

24.8 ± 1.1

25.0 ± 1.0

25.2 ± 0.8

24.8 ± 0.8

0.950

 Final

28.1 ± 1.4c

30.0 ± 1.1ab

29.1 ± 1.2bc

30.2 ± 1.4ab

30.7 ± 1.6a

0.006

Organ weight (% body weight)

      

 Liver

4.00 ± 0.22

3.84 ± 0.06

3.86 ± 0.14

3.89 ± 0.08

3.85 ± 0.11

0.133

 Testis

0.61 ± 0.10

0.62 ± 0.05

0.69 ± 0.06

0.63 ± 0.12

0.57 ± 0.12

0.202

 Kidney

1.05 ± 0.08

1.00 ± 0.07

1.02 ± 0.05

1.05 ± 0.09

1.03 ± 0.05

0.544

 Epididymal adipose tissue

2.21 ± 0.37

1.77 ± 0.61

1.91 ± 0.54

2.03 ± 0.33

2.15 ± 0.74

0.513

 Perirenal adipose tissue

0.77 ± 0.26

0.59 ± 0.28

0.66 ± 0.25

0.67 ± 0.23

0.87 ± 0.31

0.317

 Heart

0.64 ± 0.05

0.63 ± 0.09

0.70 ± 0.07

0.67 ± 0.06

0.69 ± 0.06

0.231

  1. Mice were fed a low-fat diet (LFD), a Western diet (WD), or one of the three WDs containing 0.2% TMAO (WD + TMAO), 0.2% TMAO plus 1% hawthorn fruit extract (WD + TMAO + L-HFE), or 0.2% TMAO plus 2% hawthorn fruit extract (WD + TMAO + H-HFE) for 12 weeks. Data are expressed as mean ± SD, n = 8. a,b,cmeans in the same row with different letters differ significantly at p < 0.05