Association of daytime napping in relation to risk of diabetes: evidence from a prospective study in Zhejiang, China

Table 3 Adjusted hazard ratios for diabetes in relation to daytime napping among participants of Zhejiang

	N. of participants	N. of incident diabetes	Model 1	Model 2	Model 3	Model 4
	N. of participants	N. of incident diabetes	HR (95% CI)	HR (95% CI)	HR (95% CI)	HR (95% CI)
Total
Non-napping	33,511	1942	1	1	1	1
Napping only in summer	17,648	1145	1.11 (1.04–1.20)	1.09 (1.01–1.18)	1.06 (0.99–1.14)	1.05 (0.97–1.13)
Habitual daytime napping	2757	246	1.62 (1.42–1.85)	1.55 (1.35–1.77)	1.41 (1.23–1.62)	1.39 (1.21–1.59)
Males
Non-napping	12,265	599	1	1	1	1
Napping only in summer	8689	505	1.16 (1.03–1.31)	1.13 (1.01–1.28)	1.09 (0.96–1.23)	1.07 (0.95–1.21)
Habitual daytime napping	1619	145	1.81 (1.50–2.16)	1.67 (1.38–2.01)	1.47 (1.22–1.76)	1.45 (1.20–1.74)
Females
Non-napping	21,246	1343	1	1	1	1
Napping only in summer	8959	640	1.09 (0.99–1.20)	1.08 (0.98–1.18)	1.05 (0.95–1.15)	1.03 (0.93–1.13)
Habitual daytime napping	1138	101	1.45 (1.17–1.76)	1.43 (1.16–1.75)	1.33 (1.08–1.63)	1.30 (1.05–1.59)

Model 1, adjusted for age and sex. Model 2, further adjusted for education level (no formal education, primary school, middle school, and high school or above), household income (< 19,999 yuan, 20,000–34,999 yuan, and ≥ 35,000 yuan), marital status, cigarettes consumption (never, occasional, former, and current regular), alcohol consumption (never, occasional, former, and current regular), meat, fresh fruits, and fresh vegetables consumption (daily and non-daily), physical activity (continuous) and sleep duration (continuous). Model 3, further adjusted for and BMI (continuous) and WC (continuous). Model 4, further adjusted for snoring (none, occasional, and habitual)

ISSN: 1743-7075