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Table 2 Multivariate Cox regression analysis of total cholesterol levels with cause-specific mortality

From: A nonlinear association of total cholesterol with all-cause and cause-specific mortality

 

Event/total

Event rate/ 1000 person-years

Model I

Model II

Model III

HR (95%CI), P-value

HR (95%CI), P-value

HR (95%CI), P-value

All-cause mortality

Total cholesterol (per 1 mmol/L increment)

2570/30,687

10.20

1.06 (1.03, 1.10) 0.0006

0.94 (0.90, 0.97) 0.0008

0.92 (0.89, 0.96) 0.0001

Total cholesterol group, mg/dL

  < 120

36/385

12.82

1.45 (1.04, 2.02) 0.0300

2.13 (1.53, 2.98) < 0.0001

1.97 (1.38, 2.83) 0.0002

 120–159

362/4782

10.08

1.14 (1.01, 1.29) 0.0410

1.36 (1.20, 1.53) < 0.0001

1.35 (1.18, 1.53) < 0.0001

 160–199

828/11,364

9.02

Reference

Reference

Reference

 200–239

860/9486

10.70

1.17 (1.07, 1.29) 0.0010

0.94 (0.86, 1.04) 0.2232

0.93 (0.84, 1.03) 0.1558

 240–279

348/3552

11.24

1.23 (1.08, 1.39) 0.0013

0.95 (0.84, 1.08) 0.4232

0.88 (0.77, 1.00) 0.0590

 ≥ 280

136/1118

13.29

1.43 (1.19, 1.72) 0.0001

1.16 (0.96, 1.39) 0.1188

1.07 (0.88, 1.29) 0.5114

P for trend

  

0.002

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

Cardiovascular mortality

Total cholesterol (per 1 mmol/L increment)

487/30,687

1.93

1.18 (1.09, 1.27) < 0.0001

1.07 (0.98, 1.17) 0.1125

1.05 (0.96, 1.15) 0.2730

Total cholesterol group, mg/dL

  < 120

2/385

0.71

0.43 (0.11, 1.72) 0.2320

0.62 (0.15, 2.51) 0.5061

0.60 (0.15, 2.42) 0.4692

 120–159

55/4782

1.53

0.92 (0.68, 1.25) 0.5933

1.07 (0.79, 1.46) 0.6622

1.01 (0.73, 1.40) 0.9466

 160–199

155/11,364

1.69

Reference

Reference

Reference

 200–239

170/9486

2.12

1.24 (1.00, 1.55) 0.0498

1.00 (0.81, 1.25) 0.9789

0.98 (0.78, 1.23) 0.8393

 240–279

74/3552

2.39

1.40 (1.06, 1.85) 0.0175

1.11 (0.84, 1.46) 0.4804

1.02 (0.76, 1.37) 0.8938

 ≥ 280

31/1118

3.03

1.76 (1.19, 2.58) 0.0043

1.46 (0.99, 2.15) 0.0576

1.31 (0.87, 1.97) 0.2034

P for trend

  

 < 0.001

0.208

0.410

Cancer mortality

Total cholesterol (per 1 mmol/L increment)

564/30,687

2.24

1.03 (0.95, 1.11) 0.4600

0.93 (0.86, 1.01) 0.0764

0.93 (0.85, 1.01) 0.0909

Total cholesterol group, mg/dL

 < 120

9/385

3.21

1.51 (0.78, 2.95) 0.2243

2.07 (1.06, 4.03) 0.0335

2.39 (1.21, 4.71) 0.0121

 120–159

76/4782

2.20

1.00 (0.77, 1.30) 0.9857

1.17 (0.90, 1.52) 0.2465

1.18 (0.89, 1.56) 0.2492

 160–199

198/11,364

2.16

Reference

Reference

Reference

 200–239

181/9486

2.25

1.03 (0.85, 1.27) 0.7409

0.87 (0.71, 1.06) 0.1743

0.85 (0.69, 1.05) 0.1294

 240–279

69/3552

2.23

1.02 (0.77, 1.34) 0.8973

0.84 (0.64, 1.11) 0.2248

0.85 (0.64, 1.13) 0.2548

 ≥ 280

31/1118

3.03

1.37 (0.94, 2.00) 0.1042

1.19 (0.81, 1.74) 0.3660

1.22 (0.82, 1.79) 0.3276

P for trend

  

0.473

0.050

0.061

  1. HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval
  2. Model I adjust for none
  3. Model II adjust for age, gender, and race
  4. Model III adjust for age, gender, race, education level, married, smoking, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, estimated glomerular filtration rate, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, energy intake, comorbidities (hypertension, and diabetes), and medication use (antihypertensive drugs, hypoglycemic agents, and lipid-lowering drugs)
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Nutrition & Metabolism

ISSN: 1743-7075

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