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Table 2 ORs and 95% CIs for incident MetS according to SUA levels in the CHARLS

From: Association between baseline and changes in serum uric acid and incident metabolic syndrome: a nation-wide cohort study and updated meta-analysis

 

MetS/total (%)

Model 1

Model 2

Model 3

P for trend*

Quartiles of baseline SUA

    

0.004

Quartile 1

84/941 (8.9)

Reference

Reference

Reference

 

Quartile 2

93/948 (9.8)

1.11 (0.81–1.51)

1.10 (0.81–1.50)

1.08 (0.77–1.50)

 

Quartile 3

117/944 (12.4)

1.44 (1.07–1.94)

1.40 (1.04–1.88)

1.32 (0.95–1.82)

 

Quartile 4

158/946 (16.7)

2.05 (1.54–2.71)

1.99 (1.50–2.65)

1.55 (1.12–2.16)

 

Per 1 mg/dL increase

–

1.20 (1.11–1.29)

1.30 (1.19–1.42)

1.19 (1.07–1.33)

 

Baseline hyperuricemia

     

No

423/3,645 (11.6)

Reference

Reference

Reference

 

Yes

29/134 (21.6)

2.10 (1.38–3.21)

2.14(1.39–3.29)

1.47 (0.89–2.38)

 

Quartiles of absolute changes in SUA during follow–up†

    

 < 0.001

Quartile 1

93/945 (9.8)

Reference

Reference

Reference

 

Quartile 2

101/944 (10.7)

1.10 (0.82–1.48)

1.05 (0.78–1.42)

1.23 (0.89–1.71)

 

Quartile 3

107/945 (11.3)

1.17 (0.87–1.57)

1.13 (0.84–1.52)

1.39 (1.00–1.93)

 

Quartile 4

151/945 (16.0)

1.74 (1.32–2.30)

1.77 (1.34–2.34)

1.89 (1.38–2.58)

 

Quartiles of percent changes in SUA during follow–up‡

    

 < 0.001

Quartile 1

88/944 (9.3)

Reference

Reference

Reference

 

Quartile 2

106/945 (11.2)

1.23 (0.91–1.66)

1.19 (0.88–1.61)

1.32 (0.95–1.82)

 

Quartile 3

113/946 (11.9)

1.32 (0.98–1.77)

1.29 (0.96–1.73)

1.51 (1.09–2.09)

 

Quartile 4

145/944 (15.4)

1.77 (1.33–2.34)

1.76 (1.32–2.33)

2.18 (1.57–3.02)

 
  1. BMI, body mass index; BP, blood pressure; CHARLS, China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study; CI, confidence interval; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; FBG, fasting blood glucose; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; Mets, metabolic syndrome; OR, odd ratio; SUA, serum uric acid; TG, triglycerides; WC, waist circumference
  2. Model 1: non–adjusted;
  3. Model 2: adjusted for baseline age (continuous, years), gender (men and women), residence (urban and rural), education level (illiterate, primary school, middle school or above), marital status (married and unmarried), cigarette smoking (never, former, and current), alcohol drinking (never, former, and current);
  4. Model 3: adjusted for baseline WC (cm), BMI (kg/m2), systolic BP (mmHg), FBG (mg/dL), TG (mg/dL), HDL-C (mg/dL), and eGFR (mL/min/1.73m2, all as continuous variables) in addition to covariates in Model 2. Baseline SUA (continuous, mg/dL) was additionally adjusted for in the analysis of quartiles of absolute changes (or percent changes) in SUA during follow-up
  5. *P values for trend were estimated by modelling the serum uric acid using the median for each quartile
  6. †Cut-off values of quartiles of absolute changes in SUA during follow-up: <  − 0.1 mg/dL, − 0.1 to < 0.5 mg/dL, 0.5 to < 1.0 mg/dL, ≥ 1.0 mg/dL
  7. ‡Cut-off values of quartiles of percent changes in SUA during follow-up: <  − 2.4%, − 2.4% to < 11.2%, 11.2% to < 26.8%, ≥ 26.8%
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Nutrition & Metabolism

ISSN: 1743-7075

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