Fig. 2
From: The impact of gut microbiota metabolites on cellular bioenergetics and cardiometabolic health
Schematic diagram of SCFAs and gaseous molecules production by gut microbes. A The fermentation of saccharides to PEP by gut microbes is coupled with the reduction of NAD+ to NADH. The metabolism of PEP to SCFAs (acetate, propionate and butyrate) is coupled with the regeneration of NAD+ and H2 production by Fd B Hydrogenotrophs utilize H2 to produce gaseous signaling molecules (H2S, CH4 and NO). Pathways have been simplified to highlight key end-products. PEP; phosphoenolpyruvate, Fd; ferredoxin oxidoreductase