Table 1 Metabolomic analyses in cervical lesions and cervical cancer
From: Metabolic reprogramming in cervical cancer and metabolomics perspectives
Year | Group and sample size | Sample origin | Method | Major findings | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2008 | 5 normal cervix, 45 CIN, 23 cervical cancer | Biopsy specimens | HR-MAS MRS | 1. Choline and phosphocholine increased in cancer compared with high-grade CIN tissue 2. Phosphoethanolamine was increased in cancer compared with normal tissue 3. Alanine and creatine were reduced in normal tissue from cancer patients compared with normal tissue from non-cancer patients 4. Choline was increased in CIN tissue from cancer patients compared with CIN tissue from non-cancer patients 5. Choline-containing metabolites increased from pre-invasive to invasive cervical cancer | [22] |
2017 | Training set: 70 cervical cancer, 80 normal control; testing set: 66 cervical cancer, 69 normal control | Plasma | LC–MS | 1. 55 metabolites were down-regulated in cervical cancer patients while 7 metabolites were up-regulated 2. Bilirubin, LysoPC(17:0), n-oleoyl threonine, 12-hydroxydodecanoic acid and tetracosahexaenoic acid can be biomarkers for cervical cancer diagnosis | [23] |
2018 | 40 normal cervix, 40 HSIL | Cervical cytologic specimens | LC–MS | 2 ceramides and 1 sphingosine metabolite are unique signatures for HSIL, and occurred independently of HPV status | [24] |
2018 | 42 negative for intraepithelial lesion or malignancy (NILM), 34 SIL | Plasma | Electrospray ionization coupled to Q Exactive Orbitrap MS (lipidomics) | Prostaglandins, phospholipids, sphingolipids, Tetranor-PGFM and hydroperoxide lipid are distinct lipids to identify NILM and SIL | [25] |
2019 | 69 normal, 55 CIN1, 42 CIN2/3, 60 cervical cancer | Plasma | LC–MS | 1. AMP, aspartate, glutamate, hypoxanthine, lactate, proline, and pyroglutamate were discriminated between CINs and cervical cancer versus normal 2. The seven metabolites combined with positive HPV status were correlated with substantial risk of cancer progression | [26] |
2019 | 18 healthy HPV−, 11 healthy HPV+, 12 LSIL, 27 HSIL, 10 cervical cancer | Cervicovaginal lavages and vaginal swabs | LC–MS | 1. Three-hydroxybutyrate, eicosenoate, and oleate/vaccenate discriminated between cancer patients versus healthy 2. ICC group had an enrichment of amino acid metabolites in comparison to other groups that were HPV positive (healthy HPV+, LSIL, and HSIL) 3. Lipid, xenobiotics, and carbohydrate super-pathways metabolites enriched in the ICC group compared to other groups | [27] |
2019 | 13 HPV-negative, 26 HPV-positive (including 14 HR-HPV) | Self-collected mid-vaginal swabs | LC–MS | HPV+ women had higher biogenic amine and phospholipid concentrations compared with HPV– women after adjustment for vaginal microbiota Community State Type and cigarette smoking | [28] |
2021 | 66 healthy controls, 55 CIN1, 44 CIN 2/3, 60 cervical cancer | Plasma | Ultraperformance liquid chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight MS (UPLC-QTOF-MS, lipidomics) | The levels of most diglyceride and FFA species were higher, while the levels of most phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine species were lower in the patients with CIN 2/3 and cervical cancer than in the healthy controls and the patients with CIN1 | [31] |