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Table 2 Association of baseline hs-CRP and longitudinal hs-CRP changes with incident MetS (N = 4,116)

From: Association between baseline and changes in high-sensitive C-reactive protein and metabolic syndrome: a nationwide cohort study and meta-analysis

Models

Cases / total (%)

Model 1

Model 2

Model 3

OR (95% CI)

OR (95% CI)

OR (95% CI)

Hs-CRP quartiles at baseline

    

 Quartile 1 (< 0.48)

80/1,027 (13.85)

1.00 (Ref.)

1.00 (Ref.)

1.00 (Ref.)

 Quartile 2 (≥ 0.48 to < 0.81)

130/1,019 (12.43)

1.73 (1.29, 2.33)

1.73 (1.29, 2.33)

1.51 (1.12, 2.06)

 Quartile 3 (≥ 0.81 to < 1.63)

144/1,039 (12.35)

1.90 (1.43, 2.55)

1.91 (1.44, 2.56)

1.50 (1.11, 2.04)

 Quartile 4 (≥ 1.63)

181/1,031 (13.32)

2.52 (1.91, 3.35)

2.53 (1.92, 3.37)

1.83 (1.37, 2.47)

 P for trenda

535/4,116 (13.00)

< 0.001

< 0.001

< 0.001

Log (hs-CRP) level

    

 Each 1 mg/L increase

535/4,116 (13.00)

1.39 (1.26, 1.55)

1.40 (1.27, 1.56)

1.23 (1.10, 1.38)

 levated hs-CRP b

    

 No

370/3,668 (10.09)

1.00 (Ref.)

1.00 (Ref.)

1.00 (Ref.)

 Yes

78/448 (17.41)

1.48 (1.13, 1.92)

1.50 (1.14, 1.94)

1.27 (0.95, 1.67)

Groups of absolute changes in hs-CRP during the follow–upc

    

 Group1 (≤ 0)

140/1,479 (9.47)

1.00 (Ref.)

1.00 (Ref.)

1.00 (Ref.)

 Group 2 (> 0 to ≤ 0.41)

77/873 (8.82)

1.33 (0.96, 1.82)

2.44 (1.84, 3.24)

3.24 (2.51, 4.02)

 Group 3 (> 0.41 to ≤ 1.21)

133/868 (15.32)

1.30 (0.93, 1.80)

2.41 (1.80, 3.24)

3.34 (2.56, 4.38)

 Group 4 (> 1.21)

185/896 (20.65)

1.31 (0.94, 1.82)

2.51 (1.87, 3.39)

3.34 (2.54, 4.40)

 P for trenda

535/4,116 (13.00)

< 0.001

< 0.001

< 0.001

Groups of percent changes in hs-CRP during the follow–upd

    

 Group 1 (≤ 0)

140/1,479 (9.47)

1.00 (Ref.)

1.00 (Ref.)

1.00 (Ref.)

 Group 2 (> 0 to ≤ 60%)

113/870 (12.99)

1.98 (1.49, 2.64)

2.26 (1.69, 3.01)

3.29 (2.50, 4.37)

 Group 3 (> 60% to ≤ 181%)

120/871 (13.78)

1.87 (1.39, 2.52)

2.22 (1.65, 3.00)

3.71 (2.78, 4.99)

 Group 4 (> 181%)

162/996 (16.27)

1.91 (1.41, 2.58)

2.24 (1.65, 3.03)

3.76 (2.80, 5.09)

 P for trenda

535/4,116 (13.00)

< 0.001

< 0.001

< 0.001

  1. Model 1: Non-adjusted
  2. Model 2: Adjusted for age (continuous, years), sex (male and female), education level (illiterate, primary school, middle school, and high school or above), and residence (urban and rural)
  3. Model 3: Adjusted for the variables in Model 2 and cigarette smoking (never, former, and current), alcohol drinking (never, former, and current), BMI (continuous, kg/m2), hypertension (yes and no), dyslipidemia (yes and no), diabetes (yes and no), heart disease (yes and no) and stroke (yes and no)
  4. Baseline hs-CRP (continuous, mg/L) was additionally adjusted for as a covariate in the analysis of quartiles of absolute changes (or percent changes) in SUA during the follow–up
  5. CI, confidence interval; hs-CRP, high-sensitive C-reactive protein; MetS, metabolic syndrome; OR, odds ratio
  6. aP values for trend were estimated by modelling serum hs-CRP using the median for each category
  7. bElevated hs-CRP was categorized into two groups: yes (higher than 3 mg/L) and no (lower than 3 mg/L)
  8. cParticipants were categorized into four groups: Group 1 included participants with negative or null changes, and Group 2–4 were tertiles for the remaining participants
  9. dParticipants were categorized into four groups: Group 1 included participants with negative or null percent changes, and Group 2–4 were tertiles for the remaining participants
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Nutrition & Metabolism

ISSN: 1743-7075

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