Associations of visceral adipose tissue with bone mineral density and fracture: observational and Mendelian randomization studies

Table 2 Associations of VAT^ with heel BMD in men and women by BMI categories

Subgroup	Participants	Beta ± SE	P	P for VAT^-BMI interaction
Men
All	190,836	− 0.008 ± 0.004	0.06
BMI < 25 kg/m²	48,309	0.115 ± 0.012	1.2 × 10⁻²⁰	5.9 × 10⁻³¹
BMI ≥ 25 kg/m²	142,527	− 0.045 ± 0.005	3.4 × 10⁻¹⁸	5.9 × 10⁻³¹
Women
All	193,592	0.161 ± 0.006	1.2 × 10⁻¹³⁶
BMI < 25 kg/m²	79,783	0.217 ± 0.017	7.8 × 10⁻³⁷	0.06
BMI ≥ 25 kg/m²	113,809	0.125 ± 0.008	9.4 × 10⁻⁵⁶	0.06

Beta ± SE was estimated from the multivariable linear regression model. All models were adjusted for age, household income, lean mass, standing height, smoking status, alcohol consumption, physical activity, calcium supplement use, vitamin D supplement use, overall health rating, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, cancer, and for women, menopause status and use of hormone replacement therapy. VAT^ predicted values of VAT (visceral adipose tissue) mass; BMD bone mineral density; BMI body mass index; SE standard error. P for VAT^-sex interaction = 8.4 × 10⁻⁵¹

ISSN: 1743-7075