Table 2 Mortality rate and risk of death according to HbA1c levels at baseline or over time

HbA1c at baseline, n

303

2962

3930

1038

457

604

Person-years of follow-up

4542

44,966

59,625

15,458

6771

8598

All-cause death, n

28

228

337

139

69

143

 Mortality (per 1000 person-years)

6.2

5.1

5.7

9.0

10.2

16.6

 Adjusted HR (95% CI)*

1.74 (1.18–2.57)

1.20 (1.01–1.42)

Ref

1.50 (1.23–1.83)

1.62 (1.24–2.11)

2.30 (1.88–2.81)

CVD death, n

3

33

68

30

15

36

 Mortality (per 1000 person-years)

0.7

0.7

1.1

1.9

2.2

4.2

 Adjusted HR (95% CI)*

1.07 (0.33–3.46)

0.99 (0.65–1.51)

Ref

1.38 (0.89–2.14)

1.41 (0.80–2.48)

2.32 (1.51–3.56)

Cancer death, n

12

107

126

52

27

35

 Mortality (per 1000 person-years)

2.6

2.4

2.1

3.4

4.0

4.1

 Adjusted HR (95% CI)*

1.81 (0.99–3.30)

1.44 (1.11–1.87)

Ref

1.43 (1.03–1.99)

1.65 (1.08–2.52)

1.41 (0.97–2.06)

Death from external causes, n

3

38

50

19

6

9

 Mortality (per 1000 person-years)

0.7

0.8

0.8

1.2

0.9

1.0

 Adjusted HR (95% CI)*

0.94 (0.29–3.08)

1.13 (0.74–1.74)

Ref

1.36 (0.79–2.34)

1.03 (0.43–2.48)

1.01 (0.49–2.06)

HbA1c over time, adjusted HR (95% CI)*

0

All-cause death,

1.84 (1.35–2.51)

1.13 (0.95–1.34)

Ref

1.30 (1.04–1.62)

1.37 (0.97–1.93)

2.03 (1.70–2.44)

CVD death

1.53 (0.65–3.61)

1.17 (0.76–1.80)

Ref

1.43 (0.87–2.36)

2.39 (1.27–4.48)

2.29 (1.52–3.45)

Cancer death

2.21 (1.42–3.44)

1.23 (0.94–1.60)

Ref

1.07 (0.74–1.56)

0.71 (0.34–1.46)

1.60 (1.18–2.15)

Death from external causes

0.69 (0.21–2.24)

1.22 (0.79–1.90)

Ref

1.57 (0.89–2.76)

0.77 (0.24–2.53)

1.31 (0.74–2.32)