Dietary protein and the glycemic index handle insulin resistance within a nutritional program for avoiding weight regain after energy-restricted induced weight loss

Vidal-Ostos, Fernando; Ramos-Lopez, Omar; Jebb, Susan A.; Papadaki, Angeliki; Pfeiffer, Andreas F. H.; Handjieva-Darlenska, Teodora; Kunešová, Marie; Blaak, Ellen E.; Astrup, Arne; Martinez, J. Alfredo

doi:10.1186/s12986-022-00707-y

Table 4 Regression models based on TyG to estimate BMI changes within on the weight maintenance stage; period 2 (8–34 weeks)

From: Dietary protein and the glycemic index handle insulin resistance within a nutritional program for avoiding weight regain after energy-restricted induced weight loss

Change in BMI (kg/m²) ‡Period 2 (8–34 weeks)	TyG	β (95% CI)	p	R²	TyG	β (95% CI)	p	R²	TyG	β (95% CI)	p	R²
Crude	TyG ₁	0.283 (−0.029; 0.595)	0.076	0.038*	TyG ₂	−0.245 (−0.617; 0.127)	0.196	0.035*	∆TyG₁	0.515 (0.184; 0.846)	0.002	0.0504**
	LP/LGI	−0.136 (−0.635; 0.362)	0.591		LP/LGI	−0.142 (−0.646; 0.362)	0.581		LP/LGI	−0.078 (−0.583; 0.426)	0.761
	LP/HGI	0.424 (−0.084; 0.932)	0.101		LP/HGI	0.432 (−0.080; 0.945)	0.098		LP/HGI	0.443 (−0.067; 0.953)	0.088
	HP/LGI	−0.582 (−1.061; −0.102)	0.018		HP/LGI	−0.555 (−1.040; −0.070)	0.025		HP/LGI	−0.543 (−1.026; −0.060)	0.028
	HP/HGI	−0.185 (−0.681; 0.311)	0.464		HP/HGI	−0.178 (−0.677; 0.322)	0.485		HP/HGI	−0.120 (−0.621; 0.380)	0.637
†Minimum setting	TyG ₁	0.185 (−0.132; 0.502)	0.252	0.1074***	TyG ₂	−0.168 (−0.532; 0.196)	0.365	0.1074***	∆TyG₁	0.351 (0.018; 0.684)	0.039	0.1136***
	LP/LGI	−0.183 (−0.666; 0.299)	0.456		LP/LGI	−0.195 (−0.682; 0.292)	0.431		LP/LGI	−0.151 (−0.641; 0.339)	0.545
	LP/HGI	0.418 (−0.074; 0.909)	0.096		LP/HGI	0.424 (−0.072; 0.919)	0.094		LP/HGI	0.435 (−0.061; 0.930)	0.086
	HP/LGI	−0.638 (−1.102; −0.173)	0.007		HP/LGI	−0.614 (−1.083; −0.145)	0.010		HP/LGI	−0.598 (−1.067; −0.128)	0.013
	HP/HGI	−0.287 (−0.768; 0.194)	0.242		HP/HGI	−0.286 (−0.770; 0.197)	0.245		HP/HGI	−0.238 (−0.725; 0.249)	0.338
† Maximum setting	TyG₁	0.139 (−0.182; 0.459)	0.378	0.1864***	TyG ₂	−0.227 (−0.585; 0.131)	0.225	0.1901***	•∆TyG₁	0.343 (0.013; 0.673)	0.042	0.1951***
	LP/LGI	−0.226 (−0.721; 0.248)	0.360		LP/LGI	−0.258 (−0.746; 0.230)	0.324		LP/LGI	−0.218 (−0.710; 0.274)	0.412
	LP/HGI	0.320 (−0.178; 0.808)	0.203		LP/HGI	0.331 (−0.165; 0.828)	0.185		LP/HGI	0.326 (−0.170; 0.822)	0.191
	HP/LGI	−0.780 (−1.257; −0.332)	0.001		HP/LGI	−0.757 (−1.225; −0.289)	0.002		HP/LGI	−0.759 (−1.226; −0.292)	0.002
	HP/HGI	−0.216 (−0.703; 0.255)	0.375		HP/HGI	−0.232 (−0.713; 0.248)	0.364		HP/HGI	−0.190 (−0.674; 0.294)	0.464

Bold values indicate a p value < 0.05
Triglycerides-glucose index (TyG): TyG₁ (basal value; pre-LCD), TyG₂ (8 weeks; post-LCD) and the TyG changes for period 1 (ΔTyG₁)
Regression coefficients (β); 95% confidence interval (95% CI) and R²
*R² p-value * < 0.05; ** < 0.001; *** < 0.0001
Highlight: statistical association
^†Minimum setting model included (sex, age (years), center, and randomized diet); maximum setting model included (sex, age (years), center, ∆weight_1-2 (kg), smoking status (nonsmoker, smoker, former smoker); daily walking time (< 15 min, 15–30 min, > 30 min), alcohol intake (abstemious, throughout the week, at the weekend) and randomized diet
^‡Period 2: Corresponds to the differences between the parameters after the low-calorie diet intervention and after the nutritional treatment focused on weight maintenance for each type of randomized diet (34–8 weeks)
Types of diets: LP/LGI (low protein, low glycemic index diet), LP/HGI (low protein, high glycemic index diet), HP/LGI (high protein, low glycemic index diet), HP/HGI (high protein, high glycemic index diet)
• On regressions models, matching diet type with its corresponding ΔTyG₁ value, only a significant β value: 0.932 (p-value: 0.045) concerning the HP/LGI diet was found

Back to article page

ISSN: 1743-7075

Contact us

General enquiries: journalsubmissions@springernature.com

Nutrition & Metabolism

Contact us