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Table 3 The hazard ratio (95% CI) of chronic kidney disease and hypertension in relation to dietary oxalate and oxalate-to-calcium ratio

From: Dietary oxalate-calcium balance and the incidence of hypertension and chronic kidney disease: a prospective study among an Asian population

 

CKD

HTN

Dietary Ox (mg/d)

Crude

1.89 (1.25–2.85)

1.68 (1.16–2.65)

Model 1

1.79 (1.18–2.71)

1.52 (1.04–2.22)

Model 2

1.55 (0.95–2.55)

1.18 (0.77–1.83)

Model 3

2.59 (1.46–4.64)

1.79 (1.05–3.04)

Dietary Ox (mg/d)*Ca (mg/d)†

Low-Ca diet

2.43 (1.06–5.55)

2.68 (1.10–6.49)

High-Ca diet

1.72 (0.76–3.78)

1.48 (0.72–3.04)

  1. Cox regression models were used
  2. For CKD, model 1 was adjusted for age and sex; model 2 was additionally adjusted for systolic blood pressure, type 2 diabetes, creatinine, body mass index and smoking; model 3 was additionally adjusted for total energy intakes (kcal/d), dietary intakes of total fats (g/d), fiber (g/d)
  3. For HTN, model 1 was adjusted for age and sex; model 2 was additionally adjusted for type 2 diabetes, eGFR, body mass index and smoking; model 3 was additionally adjusted for total energy intakes (kcal/d), dietary intakes of total fats (g/d), fiber (g/d)
  4. Low-, and high-Ca-diet were defined according to median of Ca intakes as 1180 < and > 1180 mg/d, with a median of 990 and 1580 mg/d, respectively
  5. †Full model was only reported