Fig. 3

Bacterial abundance at phylum and genus level, alpha diversity, beta diversity. A Bacterial abundance at the phylum level at baseline and end of study in placebo and probiotic groups. B bacterial abundance at the genus level at baseline and end of study in placebo and probiotic groups. Boxplots show the alpha diversity of bacterial communities at baseline and after intervention in placebo and probiotic groups for C Shannon, D Simpson, E ACE, F Chao1 indices. G Principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) showing the microbial community distance between baseline and end of study in each group