Studies | Findings | References |
---|---|---|
Human studies | Potential impact on BBB traversal, cognitive function improvement and metabolism in mild AD, and AD biomarkers reduction | [56] |
Mitigation of MMSE and ADCS-ADL decline in AD patients | [60] | |
Reduction in CSF Aβ40, Aβ42, and serum Aβ40 in AD individuals | [58] | |
Improving brain volume, reducing MMSE scores, significant improvements in clinical indicators and ADAS-cog scores, and showing less deterioration in ADAS-cog, ADCS-ADL, and NPI scores | [61] | |
Animal studies | Protective effects against memory loss, cognitive enhancement, and reduction of AD-related markers | |
Reduced anxiety levels, lowered Aβ and p-tau in hippocampus of AD model mice | ||
Activation of AMPK, reduced inflammation in rat astrocytes and microglia | ||
Reduced pro-inflammatory cytokines, ROS, neural repair in AD models | ||
Decreased hyperphosphorylated tau, SIRT1 reactivation in animal models, significant reductions in Aβ burden, and sustained BBB integrity in RV-fed mice | [57] |