Articles

Phosphatidic acid: biosynthesis, pharmacokinetics, mechanisms of action and effect on strength and body composition in resistance-trained individuals

The mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) has received much attention in the field of exercise physiology as a master regulator of skeletal muscle hypertrophy. The multiprotein complex is regulate...

Authors: Peter Bond

Caffeine consumption and telomere length in men and women of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES)

The investigation evaluated the relationship between caffeine intake and coffee consumption and leukocyte telomere length, a biomarker of the senescence of cells.

Authors: Larry A. Tucker

Weight loss technology for people with treated type 2 diabetes: a randomized controlled trial

The prevalence of type 2 diabetes is increasing in worldwide despite the development of new treatment methods. Aim of the study was to evaluate a weight loss method on body composition, glycemic, lipid and hor...

Authors: Kuat Oshakbayev, Bibazhar Dukenbayeva, Gulnar Togizbayeva, Aigul Durmanova, Meruyert Gazaliyeva, Abdul Sabir, Aliya Issa and Alisher Idrisov

Dietary supplementation with bovine-derived milk fat globule membrane lipids promotes neuromuscular development in growing rats

The milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) is primarily composed of polar phospho- and sphingolipids, which have established biological effects on neuroplasticity. The present study aimed to investigate the effect o...

Authors: James F. Markworth, Brenan Durainayagam, Vandre C. Figueiredo, Karen Liu, Jian Guan, Alastair K. H. MacGibbon, Bertram Y. Fong, Aaron C. Fanning, Angela Rowan, Paul McJarrow and David Cameron-Smith

High fat diet modifies the association of lipoprotein lipase gene polymorphism with high density lipoprotein cholesterol in an Asian Indian population

Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in lipoprotein lipase gene (LPL) have been shown to influence metabolism related to lipid phenotypes. Dietary factors have been shown to modify the association between LPL S...

Authors: K. A. Ayyappa, I. Shatwan, D. Bodhini, L. R. Bramwell, K. Ramya, V. Sudha, R. M. Anjana, J. A. Lovegrove, V. Mohan, V. Radha and K. S. Vimaleswaran

Efficacy of a novel formulation of L-Carnitine, creatine, and leucine on lean body mass and functional muscle strength in healthy older adults: a randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled study

Progressive decline in skeletal muscle mass and function are growing concerns in an aging population. Diet and physical activity are important for muscle maintenance but these requirements are not always met. ...

Authors: Malkanthi Evans, Najla Guthrie, John Pezzullo, Toran Sanli, Roger A. Fielding and Aouatef Bellamine

Regulatory landscape of AGE-RAGE-oxidative stress axis and its modulation by PPARγ activation in high fructose diet-induced metabolic syndrome

The AGE-RAGE-oxidative stress (AROS) axis is involved in the onset and progression of metabolic syndrome induced by a high-fructose diet (HFD). PPARγ activation is known to modulate metabolic syndrome; however...

Authors: Luca Cannizzaro, Giuseppe Rossoni, Federica Savi, Alessandra Altomare, Cristina Marinello, Thammakorn Saethang, Marina Carini, D. Michael Payne, Trairak Pisitkun, Giancarlo Aldini and Asada Leelahavanichkul

Reduced up-regulation of the nitric oxide pathway and impaired endothelial and smooth muscle functions in the female type 2 diabetic goto-kakizaki rat heart

Type 2 diabetes is associated with greater relative risk of cardiovascular diseases in women than in men, which is not well understood. Consequently, we have investigated if male and female displayed differenc...

Authors: Martine Desrois, Carole Lan, Jamileh Movassat and Monique Bernard

Thylakoids reduce body fat and fat cell size by binding to dietary fat making it less available for absorption in high-fat fed mice

Dietary thylakoids derived from spinach have beneficial effects on body fat accumulation and blood lipids as demonstrated in humans and rodents. Important mechanisms established include delayed fat digestion i...

Authors: Karin G. Stenkula, Eva-Lena Stenblom, Caroline Montelius, Emil Egecioglu and Charlotte Erlanson-Albertsson

Plasticity of adipose tissue in response to fasting and refeeding in male mice

Fasting is the most widely prescribed and self-imposed strategy for treating excessive weight gain and obesity, and has been shown to exert a number of beneficial effects. The aim of the present study was to d...

Authors: Hao-Neng Tang, Chen-Yi Tang, Xiao-Fei Man, Shu-Wen Tan, Yue Guo, Jun Tang, Ci-La Zhou and Hou-De Zhou

Evaluation of Lactobacillus coryniformis CECT5711 strain as a coadjuvant in a vaccination process: a randomised clinical trial in healthy adults

Although the effects of probiotics on the immune system have been extensively evaluated under disease states, their role in healthy situations remains unclear, since changes are hardly expected under immunolog...

Authors: Noemí Redondo, Esther Nova, Alina Gheorghe, Ligia Esperanza Díaz, Aurora Hernández and Ascensión Marcos

Do metabolic syndrome and its components have an impact on bone mineral density in adolescents?

In recent years, there has been growing concern about the occurrence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) at an early age and its effects on bone mass in adolescents. Adolescence is considered a critical period for bo...

Authors: Valéria Nóbrega da Silva, Luciana Nunes Mosca Fiorelli, Carla Cristiane da Silva, Cilmery Suemi Kurokawa and Tamara Beres Lederer Goldberg

Nutritional modulation of endogenous glucagon-like peptide-1 secretion: a review

The positive influences of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) on blood glucose homeostasis, appetite sensations, and food intake provide a strong rationale for its therapeutic potential in the nutritional managem...

Authors: Alexandra M. Bodnaruc, Denis Prud’homme, Rosanne Blanchet and Isabelle Giroux

Effects of controlled doses of Oxyelite Pro on physical performance in rats

OxyElite Pro (OEP) is a dietary supplement to increase metabolism which contains as key stimulant the ingredient 1,3-dimethylamylamine (DMAA). Serious adverse effects have been reported after OEP consumption h...

Authors: Paulo Vinicios Camuzi Zovico, Victor Magalhães Curty, Marcos André Soares Leal, Eduardo Frizzera Meira, Daniel Ventura Dias, Lívia Carla de Melo Rodrigues, Silvana dos Santos Meyrelles, Edilamar Menezes De Oliveira, Paula Frizera Vassallo and Valério Garrone Barauna

Rose hip supplementation increases energy expenditure and induces browning of white adipose tissue

Overweight and obesity are widespread chronic disorders defined as excessive fat accumulation, and are major risk factors for several chronic diseases including type 2 diabetes, coronary heart disease, high bl...

Authors: Michele Cavalera, Ulrika Axling, Karin Berger and Cecilia Holm

Phytochemicals as novel agents for the induction of browning in white adipose tissue

Obesity and its associated metabolic syndrome continue to be a health epidemic in westernized societies and is catching up in the developing world. Despite such increases, little headway has been made to rever...

Authors: Yusra Azhar, Ashish Parmar, Colette N. Miller, Janaiya S. Samuels and Srujana Rayalam

Alpha-mangostin from mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana Linn.) pericarp extract reduces high fat-diet induced hepatic steatosis in rats by regulating mitochondria function and apoptosis

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is caused by multiple factors including hepatic oxidative stress, lipotoxicity, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Obesity is among the risk factors for NAFLD alongside ty...

Authors: Shin-Yu Tsai, Pei-Chin Chung, Eddy E. Owaga, I-Jong Tsai, Pei-Yuan Wang, Jeng-I Tsai, Tien-Shun Yeh and Rong-Hong Hsieh

Long-term consumption of an obesogenic high fat diet prior to ischemia-reperfusion mediates cardioprotection via Epac1-dependent signaling

Obesity is still considered a risk factor for cardiovascular disease, although more recent knowledge also suggests obesity to be associated with reduced morbidity and mortality - the “obesity paradox”. This st...

Authors: F. Edland, A. Wergeland, R. Kopperud, K. S. Åsrud, E. A. Hoivik, S. L. Witsø, R. Æsøy, L. Madsen, K. Kristiansen, M. Bakke, S. O. Døskeland and A. K. Jonassen

Effects of purified anthocyanin supplementation on platelet chemokines in hypocholesterolemic individuals: a randomized controlled trial

It is becoming increasingly evident that platelet chemokines are involved in distinct aspects of atherosclerosis. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of long-term supplementation with purified ant...

Authors: Xiandan Zhang, Yanna Zhu, Fenglin Song, Yanling Yao, Fuli Ya, Dan Li, Wenhua Ling and Yan Yang

Predicting resting energy expenditure in underweight, normal weight, overweight, and obese adult hospital patients

When indirect calorimetry is not available, predictive equations are used to estimate resing energy expenditure (REE). There is no consensus about which equation to use in hospitalized patients. The objective ...

Authors: Hinke M. Kruizenga, Geesje H. Hofsteenge and Peter J.M. Weijs

Combinations of bio-active dietary constituents affect human white adipocyte function in-vitro

Specific bio-active dietary compounds modulate numerous metabolic processes in adipose tissue (AT), including pre-adipocyte proliferation and differentiation. AT dysfunction, rather than an increased fat mass per...

Authors: Ines Warnke, Johan W. E. Jocken, Rotraut Schoop, Christine Toepfer, Regina Goralczyk and Joseph Schwager

Erratum to: Assessment of Vitamin D status in a group of Egyptian children with non alcoholic fatty liver disease (multicenter study)

Authors: Amal Ahmed Mohamed, Maha Abdel Ghany, Gehan Lotfy Abdel Hakeem, Aya Mostafa, Rania Abdelmonem Khattab, Asmaa Mahmoud Abdalla, Laila El Morsi Abou El Fotoh, Abdel Azeem El Mazary, Madiha Abdalla Sayed and Ashraf Mohamed Abdel Fadil

Relation of 24-hour urinary caffeine and caffeine metabolite excretions with self-reported consumption of coffee and other caffeinated beverages in the general population

Caffeine intake is generally estimated by self-reported consumption, but it remains unclear how well self-report associates with metabolite urinary excretion. We investigated the associations of self-reported ...

Authors: Dusan Petrovic, Sandrine Estoppey Younes, Menno Pruijm, Belén Ponte, Daniel Ackermann, Georg Ehret, Nicolas Ansermot, Markus Mohaupt, Fred Paccaud, Bruno Vogt, Antoinette Pechère-Bertschi, Pierre-Yves Martin, Michel Burnier, Chin B. Eap, Murielle Bochud and Idris Guessous

Effect on body weight and composition in overweight/obese Australian adults over 12 months consumption of two different types of fibre supplementation in a randomized trial

Higher fibre intakes are associated with risk reduction for chronic diseases. However, many people find difficulty in consuming sufficient fibre through their diet. Supplements may be an effective alternative....

Authors: Sebely Pal, Suleen Ho, Roland J. Gahler and Simon Wood

Postprandial lipemic and inflammatory responses to high-fat meals: a review of the roles of acute and chronic exercise

Postprandial lipemia is an independent risk factor for development of cardiovascular disease. Postprandial inflammation following the prolonged elevation of triglycerides occurring subsequent to ingestion of h...

Authors: Colby S. Teeman, Stephanie P. Kurti, Brooke J. Cull, Sam R. Emerson, Mark D. Haub and Sara K. Rosenkranz

A low-carbohydrate high-fat diet decreases lean mass and impairs cardiac function in pair-fed female C57BL/6J mice

Excess body fat is a major health issue and a risk factor for the development of numerous chronic diseases. Low-carbohydrate diets like the Atkins Diet are popular for rapid weight loss, but the long-term cons...

Authors: Jessica Nilsson, Madelene Ericsson, Masoumeh Motamedi Joibari, Fredrick Anderson, Leif Carlsson, Stefan K. Nilsson, Anna Sjödin and Jonas Burén

The effects on weight loss and gene expression in adipose and hepatic tissues of very-low carbohydrate and low-fat isoenergetic diets in diet-induced obese mice

Obesity is caused by excessive fat or carbohydrate intake. The improvement of obesity is an important issue, especially in Western societies. Both low-carbohydrate diet (LCD) and low-fat diet (LFD) are used to...

Authors: Tomomi Yamazaki, Sumire Okawa and Mayumi Takahashi

Monitoring for compliance with a ketogenic diet: what is the best time of day to test for urinary ketosis?

The ketogenic diet (KD) is a very low-carbohydrate, high-fat and adequate-protein diet with no calorie limit that induces a metabolic condition called “physiological ketosis”. It was first introduced to treat ...

Authors: Paul Urbain and Hartmut Bertz

Dietary selenium augments sarcoplasmic calcium release and mechanical performance in mice

As an essential trace element selenium plays a significant role in many physiological functions of the organs. It is found within muscles as selenocystein in selenoprotein N, which is involved in redox-modulat...

Authors: Dóra Bodnár, Olga Ruzsnavszky, Tamás Oláh, Beatrix Dienes, Ildikó Balatoni, Éva Ungvári, Ilona Benkő, Beáta Babka, József Prokisch, László Csernoch and Péter Szentesi

Interactions of exercise training and high-fat diet on adiponectin forms and muscle receptors in mice

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is characterized by systemic disturbances that increase cardiovascular risk. Adiponectin (Ad) exhibits a cardioprotective function because of its anti-inflammatory and anti-atheroscle...

Authors: Mélany Pierard, Stéphanie Conotte, Alexandra Tassin, Sébastien Boutry, Pierrick Uzureau, Karim Zouaoui Boudjeltia and Alexandre Legrand

Metabolic gene expression profile in circulating mononuclear cells reflects obesity-associated metabolic inflexibility

Obesity is associated with an impaired ability to switch from fatty acid to glucose oxidation during the fasted to fed transition, particularly in skeletal muscle. However, whether such metabolic inflexibility...

Authors: Sonia Baig, Ehsan Parvaresh Rizi, Muhammad Shabeer, Vanna Chhay, Shao Feng Mok, Tze Ping Loh, Faidon Magkos, Antonio Vidal-Puig, E. Shyong Tai, Chin Meng Khoo and Sue-Anne Toh

The effect of abscisic acid chronic treatment on neuroinflammatory markers and memory in a rat model of high-fat diet induced neuroinflammation

Western diet and lifestyle are associated with overweight, obesity, and type 2 diabetes, which, in turn, are correlated with neuroinflammation processes. Exercise and a healthy diet are important in the preven...

Authors: Sandra Sánchez-Sarasúa, Salma Moustafa, Álvaro García-Avilés, María Fernanda López-Climent, Aurelio Gómez-Cadenas, Francisco E. Olucha-Bordonau and Ana M. Sánchez-Pérez

Association between parity and obesity patterns in a middle-aged and older Chinese population: a cross-sectional analysis in the Tongji-Dongfeng cohort study

Higher parity has been implicated as a risk factor for obesity of women. The objective of the study was to examine whether parity was associated with general obesity or abdominal obesity, or both, among middle...

Authors: Wending Li, Yi Wang, Lijun Shen, Lulu Song, Hui Li, Bingqing Liu, Jing Yuan and Youjie Wang

Hormonal responses to non-nutritive sweeteners in water and diet soda

Non-nutritive sweeteners (NNS), especially in form of diet soda, have been linked to metabolic derangements (e.g. obesity and diabetes) in epidemiologic studies. We aimed to test acute metabolic effects of NNS...

Authors: Allison C. Sylvetsky, Rebecca J. Brown, Jenny E. Blau, Mary Walter and Kristina I. Rother

Metabolic response of glioblastoma cells associated with glucose withdrawal and pyruvate substitution as revealed by GC-MS

Tumor cells are highly dependent on glucose even in the presence of oxygen. This concept called the Warburg effect is a hallmark of cancer and strategies are considered to therapeutically exploit the phenomeno...

Authors: Henry Oppermann, Yonghong Ding, Jeevan Sharma, Mandy Berndt Paetz, Jürgen Meixensberger, Frank Gaunitz and Claudia Birkemeyer

Comparison of maternal isocaloric high carbohydrate and high fat diets on osteogenic and adipogenic genes expression in adolescent mice offspring

Maternal high fat/high calorie diet leads to adiposity and bone fracture in offspring. However, the effects of macronutrient distribution in maternal isocaloric diet have not been studied. The present study wa...

Authors: Seyedeh Neda Mousavi, Fariba Koohdani, Farzad Shidfar and Mohamadreza Baghaban Eslaminejad

Dietary green-plant thylakoids decrease gastric emptying and gut transit, promote changes in the gut microbial flora, but does not cause steatorrhea

Green-plant thylakoids increase satiety by affecting appetite hormones such as ghrelin, cholecystokinin (CCK) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1). The objective of this study was to investigate if thylakoids a...

Authors: Eva-Lena Stenblom, Björn Weström, Caroline Linninge, Peter Bonn, Mary Farrell, Jens F. Rehfeld and Caroline Montelius

Angiotensin-converting enzyme insertion/deletion polymorphism association with obesity and some related disorders in Egyptian females: a case-control observational study

According to the WHO report in 2015, obesity is the fifth leading cause of death worldwide, and the prevalence of Egyptian female obesity is 37.5 %. Since obesity is highly influenced by genetics, and adipose ...

Authors: Tarek K. Motawi, Olfat G. Shaker, Nancy N. Shahin and Nancy M. Ahmed

Assessment of CYP1A2 enzyme activity in relation to type-2 diabetes and habitual caffeine intake

Coffee consumption is a known inducer of cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2) enzyme activity. We recently observed that a group of type-2 diabetes patients consumed more caffeine (coffee) on a daily basis than non-ty...

Authors: Emily Urry, Alexander Jetter and Hans-Peter Landolt

Animal models of metabolic syndrome: a review

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) consists of several medical conditions that collectively predict the risk for cardiovascular disease better than the sum of individual conditions. The risk of developing MetS in human...

Authors: Sok Kuan Wong, Kok-Yong Chin, Farihah Hj Suhaimi, Ahmad Fairus and Soelaiman Ima-Nirwana

Microarray analysis of gene expression in liver, adipose tissue and skeletal muscle in response to chronic dietary administration of NDGA to high-fructose fed dyslipidemic rats

Nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA), the main metabolite of Creosote Bush, has been shown to have profound effects on the core components of metabolic syndrome, including lowering of blood glucose, free fatty aci...

Authors: Haiyan Zhang, Wen-Jun Shen, Yihang Li, Alex Bittner, Stefanie Bittner, Juveria Tabassum, Yuan F. Cortez, Fredric B. Kraemer and Salman Azhar

The impact of protein quality on the promotion of resistance exercise-induced changes in muscle mass

Protein supplementation during resistance exercise training augments hypertrophic gains. Protein ingestion and the resultant hyperaminoacidemia provides the building blocks (indispensable amino acids – IAA) fo...

Authors: Stuart M. Phillips

Hepatic adaptations to maintain metabolic homeostasis in response to fasting and refeeding in mice

The increased incidence of obesity and associated metabolic diseases has driven research focused on genetically or pharmacologically alleviating metabolic dysfunction. These studies employ a range of fasting-r...

Authors: C. E. Geisler, C. Hepler, M. R. Higgins and B. J. Renquist

Erratum to: Modified Atkins diet in advanced malignancies—final results of a safety and feasibility trial within the Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Healthcare System

Authors: Jocelyn L. Tan-Shalaby, Jennifer Carrick, Krystal Edinger, Dana Genovese, Andrew D. Liman, Vida A. Passero and Rashmikant B. Shah

Argininemia and plasma arginine bioavailability – predictive factors of mortality in the severe trauma patients?

Arginine is an amino acid determinant in the metabolic, immune and reparative responses to severe trauma. The present study aims to determine argininemia and plasma arginine bioavailability (PAB) in critical t...

Authors: Beatriz P. Costa, Paulo Martins, Carla Veríssimo, Marta Simões, Marisa Tomé, Manuela Grazina, Jorge Pimentel and Francisco Castro-Sousa

Fatty acids stimulate insulin secretion from human pancreatic islets at fasting glucose concentrations via mitochondria-dependent and -independent mechanisms

Free fatty acids (FFAs) acutely stimulate insulin secretion from pancreatic islets. Conflicting results have been presented regarding this effect at non-stimulatory glucose concentration, however. The aim of o...

Authors: Jing Cen, Ernest Sargsyan and Peter Bergsten

Effects of dietary fat subtypes on glucose homeostasis during pregnancy in rats

Dietary n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have an impact on insulin secretion and sensitivity but whether and how these may be related to maternal glucose homeostasis during pregnancy is unclear.

Authors: Len H. Storlien, Yan Y. Lam, Ben J. Wu, Linda C. Tapsell and Arthur B. Jenkins

Prolonged transfer of feces from the lean mice modulates gut microbiota in obese mice

Transplanting a fecal sample from lean, healthy donors to obese recipients has been shown to improve metabolic syndrome symptoms. We therefore examined the gut microbiota in mice after administering a long-ter...

Authors: Maria Kulecka, Agnieszka Paziewska, Natalia Zeber-Lubecka, Filip Ambrozkiewicz, Michal Kopczynski, Urszula Kuklinska, Kazimiera Pysniak, Marta Gajewska, Michal Mikula and Jerzy Ostrowski

The effect of inhibiting glycinamide ribonucleotide formyl transferase on the development of neural tube in mice

Folate deficiency is closely related to the development of neural tube defects (NTDs). However, the exact mechanism is not completely understood. This study aims to induce murine NTDs by inhibiting one of the ...

Authors: Lin Xu, Li Wang, JianHua Wang, ZhiQiang Zhu, Ge Chang, Ying Guo, XinLi Tian and Bo Niu

The effects of prenatal metformin on obesogenic diet-induced alterations in maternal and fetal fatty acid metabolism

Maternal obesity may program the fetus and increase the susceptibility of the offspring to adult diseases. Metformin crosses the placenta and has been associated with decreased inflammation and reversal of fat...

Authors: Kemoy Harris, Neeraj Desai, Madhu Gupta, Xiangying Xue, Prodyot K. Chatterjee, Burton Rochelson and Christine N. Metz