Articles

Postprandial lipemic and inflammatory responses to high-fat meals: a review of the roles of acute and chronic exercise

Postprandial lipemia is an independent risk factor for development of cardiovascular disease. Postprandial inflammation following the prolonged elevation of triglycerides occurring subsequent to ingestion of h...

Authors: Colby S. Teeman, Stephanie P. Kurti, Brooke J. Cull, Sam R. Emerson, Mark D. Haub and Sara K. Rosenkranz

A low-carbohydrate high-fat diet decreases lean mass and impairs cardiac function in pair-fed female C57BL/6J mice

Excess body fat is a major health issue and a risk factor for the development of numerous chronic diseases. Low-carbohydrate diets like the Atkins Diet are popular for rapid weight loss, but the long-term cons...

Authors: Jessica Nilsson, Madelene Ericsson, Masoumeh Motamedi Joibari, Fredrick Anderson, Leif Carlsson, Stefan K. Nilsson, Anna Sjödin and Jonas Burén

The effects on weight loss and gene expression in adipose and hepatic tissues of very-low carbohydrate and low-fat isoenergetic diets in diet-induced obese mice

Obesity is caused by excessive fat or carbohydrate intake. The improvement of obesity is an important issue, especially in Western societies. Both low-carbohydrate diet (LCD) and low-fat diet (LFD) are used to...

Authors: Tomomi Yamazaki, Sumire Okawa and Mayumi Takahashi

Monitoring for compliance with a ketogenic diet: what is the best time of day to test for urinary ketosis?

The ketogenic diet (KD) is a very low-carbohydrate, high-fat and adequate-protein diet with no calorie limit that induces a metabolic condition called “physiological ketosis”. It was first introduced to treat ...

Authors: Paul Urbain and Hartmut Bertz

Dietary selenium augments sarcoplasmic calcium release and mechanical performance in mice

As an essential trace element selenium plays a significant role in many physiological functions of the organs. It is found within muscles as selenocystein in selenoprotein N, which is involved in redox-modulat...

Authors: Dóra Bodnár, Olga Ruzsnavszky, Tamás Oláh, Beatrix Dienes, Ildikó Balatoni, Éva Ungvári, Ilona Benkő, Beáta Babka, József Prokisch, László Csernoch and Péter Szentesi

Interactions of exercise training and high-fat diet on adiponectin forms and muscle receptors in mice

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is characterized by systemic disturbances that increase cardiovascular risk. Adiponectin (Ad) exhibits a cardioprotective function because of its anti-inflammatory and anti-atheroscle...

Authors: Mélany Pierard, Stéphanie Conotte, Alexandra Tassin, Sébastien Boutry, Pierrick Uzureau, Karim Zouaoui Boudjeltia and Alexandre Legrand

Metabolic gene expression profile in circulating mononuclear cells reflects obesity-associated metabolic inflexibility

Obesity is associated with an impaired ability to switch from fatty acid to glucose oxidation during the fasted to fed transition, particularly in skeletal muscle. However, whether such metabolic inflexibility...

Authors: Sonia Baig, Ehsan Parvaresh Rizi, Muhammad Shabeer, Vanna Chhay, Shao Feng Mok, Tze Ping Loh, Faidon Magkos, Antonio Vidal-Puig, E. Shyong Tai, Chin Meng Khoo and Sue-Anne Toh

The effect of abscisic acid chronic treatment on neuroinflammatory markers and memory in a rat model of high-fat diet induced neuroinflammation

Western diet and lifestyle are associated with overweight, obesity, and type 2 diabetes, which, in turn, are correlated with neuroinflammation processes. Exercise and a healthy diet are important in the preven...

Authors: Sandra Sánchez-Sarasúa, Salma Moustafa, Álvaro García-Avilés, María Fernanda López-Climent, Aurelio Gómez-Cadenas, Francisco E. Olucha-Bordonau and Ana M. Sánchez-Pérez

Association between parity and obesity patterns in a middle-aged and older Chinese population: a cross-sectional analysis in the Tongji-Dongfeng cohort study

Higher parity has been implicated as a risk factor for obesity of women. The objective of the study was to examine whether parity was associated with general obesity or abdominal obesity, or both, among middle...

Authors: Wending Li, Yi Wang, Lijun Shen, Lulu Song, Hui Li, Bingqing Liu, Jing Yuan and Youjie Wang

Hormonal responses to non-nutritive sweeteners in water and diet soda

Non-nutritive sweeteners (NNS), especially in form of diet soda, have been linked to metabolic derangements (e.g. obesity and diabetes) in epidemiologic studies. We aimed to test acute metabolic effects of NNS...

Authors: Allison C. Sylvetsky, Rebecca J. Brown, Jenny E. Blau, Mary Walter and Kristina I. Rother

Metabolic response of glioblastoma cells associated with glucose withdrawal and pyruvate substitution as revealed by GC-MS

Tumor cells are highly dependent on glucose even in the presence of oxygen. This concept called the Warburg effect is a hallmark of cancer and strategies are considered to therapeutically exploit the phenomeno...

Authors: Henry Oppermann, Yonghong Ding, Jeevan Sharma, Mandy Berndt Paetz, Jürgen Meixensberger, Frank Gaunitz and Claudia Birkemeyer

Comparison of maternal isocaloric high carbohydrate and high fat diets on osteogenic and adipogenic genes expression in adolescent mice offspring

Maternal high fat/high calorie diet leads to adiposity and bone fracture in offspring. However, the effects of macronutrient distribution in maternal isocaloric diet have not been studied. The present study wa...

Authors: Seyedeh Neda Mousavi, Fariba Koohdani, Farzad Shidfar and Mohamadreza Baghaban Eslaminejad

Dietary green-plant thylakoids decrease gastric emptying and gut transit, promote changes in the gut microbial flora, but does not cause steatorrhea

Green-plant thylakoids increase satiety by affecting appetite hormones such as ghrelin, cholecystokinin (CCK) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1). The objective of this study was to investigate if thylakoids a...

Authors: Eva-Lena Stenblom, Björn Weström, Caroline Linninge, Peter Bonn, Mary Farrell, Jens F. Rehfeld and Caroline Montelius

Angiotensin-converting enzyme insertion/deletion polymorphism association with obesity and some related disorders in Egyptian females: a case-control observational study

According to the WHO report in 2015, obesity is the fifth leading cause of death worldwide, and the prevalence of Egyptian female obesity is 37.5 %. Since obesity is highly influenced by genetics, and adipose ...

Authors: Tarek K. Motawi, Olfat G. Shaker, Nancy N. Shahin and Nancy M. Ahmed

Assessment of CYP1A2 enzyme activity in relation to type-2 diabetes and habitual caffeine intake

Coffee consumption is a known inducer of cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2) enzyme activity. We recently observed that a group of type-2 diabetes patients consumed more caffeine (coffee) on a daily basis than non-ty...

Authors: Emily Urry, Alexander Jetter and Hans-Peter Landolt

Animal models of metabolic syndrome: a review

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) consists of several medical conditions that collectively predict the risk for cardiovascular disease better than the sum of individual conditions. The risk of developing MetS in human...

Authors: Sok Kuan Wong, Kok-Yong Chin, Farihah Hj Suhaimi, Ahmad Fairus and Soelaiman Ima-Nirwana

Microarray analysis of gene expression in liver, adipose tissue and skeletal muscle in response to chronic dietary administration of NDGA to high-fructose fed dyslipidemic rats

Nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA), the main metabolite of Creosote Bush, has been shown to have profound effects on the core components of metabolic syndrome, including lowering of blood glucose, free fatty aci...

Authors: Haiyan Zhang, Wen-Jun Shen, Yihang Li, Alex Bittner, Stefanie Bittner, Juveria Tabassum, Yuan F. Cortez, Fredric B. Kraemer and Salman Azhar

The impact of protein quality on the promotion of resistance exercise-induced changes in muscle mass

Protein supplementation during resistance exercise training augments hypertrophic gains. Protein ingestion and the resultant hyperaminoacidemia provides the building blocks (indispensable amino acids – IAA) fo...

Authors: Stuart M. Phillips

Hepatic adaptations to maintain metabolic homeostasis in response to fasting and refeeding in mice

The increased incidence of obesity and associated metabolic diseases has driven research focused on genetically or pharmacologically alleviating metabolic dysfunction. These studies employ a range of fasting-r...

Authors: C. E. Geisler, C. Hepler, M. R. Higgins and B. J. Renquist

Erratum to: Modified Atkins diet in advanced malignancies—final results of a safety and feasibility trial within the Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Healthcare System

Authors: Jocelyn L. Tan-Shalaby, Jennifer Carrick, Krystal Edinger, Dana Genovese, Andrew D. Liman, Vida A. Passero and Rashmikant B. Shah

Argininemia and plasma arginine bioavailability – predictive factors of mortality in the severe trauma patients?

Arginine is an amino acid determinant in the metabolic, immune and reparative responses to severe trauma. The present study aims to determine argininemia and plasma arginine bioavailability (PAB) in critical t...

Authors: Beatriz P. Costa, Paulo Martins, Carla Veríssimo, Marta Simões, Marisa Tomé, Manuela Grazina, Jorge Pimentel and Francisco Castro-Sousa

Fatty acids stimulate insulin secretion from human pancreatic islets at fasting glucose concentrations via mitochondria-dependent and -independent mechanisms

Free fatty acids (FFAs) acutely stimulate insulin secretion from pancreatic islets. Conflicting results have been presented regarding this effect at non-stimulatory glucose concentration, however. The aim of o...

Authors: Jing Cen, Ernest Sargsyan and Peter Bergsten

Effects of dietary fat subtypes on glucose homeostasis during pregnancy in rats

Dietary n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have an impact on insulin secretion and sensitivity but whether and how these may be related to maternal glucose homeostasis during pregnancy is unclear.

Authors: Len H. Storlien, Yan Y. Lam, Ben J. Wu, Linda C. Tapsell and Arthur B. Jenkins

Prolonged transfer of feces from the lean mice modulates gut microbiota in obese mice

Transplanting a fecal sample from lean, healthy donors to obese recipients has been shown to improve metabolic syndrome symptoms. We therefore examined the gut microbiota in mice after administering a long-ter...

Authors: Maria Kulecka, Agnieszka Paziewska, Natalia Zeber-Lubecka, Filip Ambrozkiewicz, Michal Kopczynski, Urszula Kuklinska, Kazimiera Pysniak, Marta Gajewska, Michal Mikula and Jerzy Ostrowski

The effect of inhibiting glycinamide ribonucleotide formyl transferase on the development of neural tube in mice

Folate deficiency is closely related to the development of neural tube defects (NTDs). However, the exact mechanism is not completely understood. This study aims to induce murine NTDs by inhibiting one of the ...

Authors: Lin Xu, Li Wang, JianHua Wang, ZhiQiang Zhu, Ge Chang, Ying Guo, XinLi Tian and Bo Niu

The effects of prenatal metformin on obesogenic diet-induced alterations in maternal and fetal fatty acid metabolism

Maternal obesity may program the fetus and increase the susceptibility of the offspring to adult diseases. Metformin crosses the placenta and has been associated with decreased inflammation and reversal of fat...

Authors: Kemoy Harris, Neeraj Desai, Madhu Gupta, Xiangying Xue, Prodyot K. Chatterjee, Burton Rochelson and Christine N. Metz

2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo(4,5-b) pyridine (PhIP) induces gene expression changes in JAK/STAT and MAPK pathways related to inflammation, diabetes and cancer

2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo(4,5-b)pyridine (PhIP), a heterocyclic aromatic amine (HCA) formed in meat that is cooked at high temperatures and then ingested, can potentially be retained in human adipose ti...

Authors: Lora J. Rogers, Alexei G. Basnakian, Mohammed S. Orloff, Baitang Ning, Aiwei Yao-Borengasser, Vinay Raj and Susan Kadlubar

Assessment of Vitamin D status in a group of Egyptian children with non alcoholic fatty liver disease (multicenter study)

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the health problems with great burden on the liver that may end with liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The aim of this work was to assess serum vi...

Authors: Amal Mohamed Ahmed, Maha Abdel Ghany, Gehan Lotfy Abdel Hakeem, Aya Kamal, Rania Khattab, Asmaa Abdalla, Laila El Morsi Abou El Fotoh, Abdel Azeem El Mazary, Madiha Abdalla Sayed and Ashraf Mohamed Abdel Fadil

Modified Atkins diet in advanced malignancies - final results of a safety and feasibility trial within the Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Healthcare System

Dysfunctional mitochondrial processes limit malignant cells ability to use energy from fatty acids and ketones. Animal studies using ketogenic diets for cancer show encouraging results. We tested the diet’s sa...

Authors: Jocelyn L. Tan-Shalaby, Jennifer Carrick, Krystal Edinger, Dana Genovese, Andrew D. Liman, Vida A. Passero and Rashmikant B. Shah

High-fat but not sucrose intake is essential for induction of dyslipidemia and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis in guinea pigs

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and dyslipidemia are closely related. Diet plays an important role in the progression of these diseases, but the role of specific dietary components is not completely ...

Authors: David Højland Ipsen, Pernille Tveden-Nyborg, Bidda Rolin, Günaj Rakipovski, Maria Beck, Line Winther Mortensen, Lasse Færk, Peter Mikael Helweg Heegaard, Peter Møller and Jens Lykkesfeldt

Precipitating factors and targeted therapies in combating the perils of sickle cell disease--- A special nutritional consideration

Nutritional research in sickle cell disease has been the focus in recent times owing to not only specific nutritional deficiencies, but also the improvements associated with less painful episodes. Though hydro...

Authors: Shahida A. Khan, Ghazi Damanhouri, Ashraf Ali, Sarah A. Khan, Aziz Khan, Ahmed Bakillah, Samy Marouf, Ghazi Al Harbi, Saeed H. Halawani and Ahmad Makki

Chronic over-nutrition and dysregulation of GSK3 in diseases

Loss of cellular response to hormonal regulation in maintaining metabolic homeostasis is common in the process of aging. Chronic over-nutrition may render cells insensitive to such a hormonal regulation owing ...

Authors: Xunxian Liu and Zemin Yao

Exposure to dietary lipid leads to rapid production of cytosolic lipid droplets near the brush border membrane

Intestinal absorption of dietary lipids involves their hydrolysis in the lumen of proximal intestine as well as uptake, intracellular transport and re-assembly of hydrolyzed lipids in enterocytes, leading to t...

Authors: Zeina Soayfane, François Tercé, Michela Cantiello, Horst Robenek, Michel Nauze, Valérie Bézirard, Sophie Allart, Bruno Payré, Florence Capilla, Christel Cartier, Christine Peres, Talal Al Saati, Vassilia Théodorou, David W. Nelson, Chi-Liang Eric Yen, Xavier Collet…

The ghrelin and leptin responses to short-term starvation vs a carbohydrate-free diet in men with type 2 diabetes; a controlled, cross-over design study

We recently have reported the 24-hour glucose, insulin and glucagon responses to a 72-hour fast compared to a 72-hour macronutrient-sufficient, carbohydrate-free diet in men with type 2 diabetes. The 72-hour t...

Authors: Frank Quentin Nuttall, Rami Mahmoud Almokayyad and Mary Carol Gannon

Over-expression of Slc30a8/ZnT8 selectively in the mouse α cell impairs glucagon release and responses to hypoglycemia

The human SLC30A8 gene encodes the secretory granule-localised zinc transporter ZnT8 whose expression is chiefly restricted to the endocrine pancreas. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the human SLC30A8 g...

Authors: Antonia Solomou, Erwann Philippe, Pauline Chabosseau, Stephanie Migrenne-Li, Julien Gaitan, Jochen Lang, Christophe Magnan and Guy A. Rutter

Recombinant human growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor-1 do not affect mitochondrial derived highly reactive oxygen species production in peripheral blood mononuclear cells under conditions of substrate saturation in-vitro

The purpose of this study was to investigate the mitochondrial effects exerted by physiological and supra-physiological concentrations of recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) and recombinant insulin-like gr...

Authors: James Keane, Lotti Tajouri and Bon Gray

Resveratrol improves glycemic control in insulin-treated diabetic rats: participation of the hepatic territory

Resveratrol is a natural polyphenol that has been proposed to improve glycemic control in diabetes, by mechanisms that involve improvement in insulin secretion and activity. In type 1 diabetes (T1D), in which ...

Authors: Caio Yogi Yonamine, Erika Pinheiro-Machado, Maria Luiza Michalani, Helayne Soares Freitas, Maristela Mitiko Okamoto, Maria Lucia Corrêa-Giannella and Ubiratan Fabres Machado

Divergent pathway of lipid profile components for cardiovascular disease and mortality events: Results of over a decade follow-up among Iranian population

Data regarding the impact of different lipid measures on cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and mortality events is not consistent. We aimed to evaluate the relationship between different lipid parameters and incid...

Authors: Zahra Ghasemzadeh, Hengameh Abdi, Samaneh Asgari, Maryam Tohidi, Davood Khalili, Majid Valizadeh, Siamak Moeini, Vahid Eidkhani, Fereidoun Azizi and Farzad Hadaegh

Milk miRNAs: simple nutrients or systemic functional regulators?

Milk is rich in miRNAs that appear to play important roles in the postnatal development of all mammals. Currently, two competing hypotheses exist: the functional hypothesis, which proposes that milk miRNAs are tr...

Authors: Bodo C. Melnik, Foteini Kakulas, Donna T. Geddes, Peter E. Hartmann, Swen Malte John, Pedro Carrera-Bastos, Loren Cordain and Gerd Schmitz

Erratum to: Interaction between FTO gene variants and lifestyle factors on metabolic traits in an Asian Indian population

Authors: Karani S. Vimaleswaran, Dhanasekaran Bodhini, N. Lakshmipriya, K. Ramya, R. Mohan Anjana, Vasudevan Sudha, Julie A. Lovegrove, Sanjay Kinra, Viswanathan Mohan and Venkatesan Radha

Association of low oleic acid intake with diabetic retinopathy in type 2 diabetic patients: a case–control study

The objective of this study was to describe the intake of macronutrient, especially fatty acids, and explore their possible effect on diabetic retinopathy (DR) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Authors: Nuria Alcubierre, Eva M. Navarrete-Muñoz, Esther Rubinat, Mireia Falguera, Joan Valls, Alicia Traveset, Maria-Belen Vilanova, Josep Ramon Marsal, Marta Hernandez, Minerva Granado-Casas, Dolores Martinez-Gonzalez, Carmen Jurjo, Josep Franch-Nadal, Jesús Vioque and Didac Mauricio

Interaction between FTO gene variants and lifestyle factors on metabolic traits in an Asian Indian population

Lifestyle factors such as diet and physical activity have been shown to modify the association between fat mass and obesity–associated (FTO) gene variants and metabolic traits in several populations; however, the...

Authors: Karani S. Vimaleswaran, Dhanasekaran Bodhini, N. Lakshmipriya, K. Ramya, R. Mohan Anjana, Vasudevan Sudha, Julie A. Lovegrove, Sanjay Kinra, Viswanathan Mohan and Venkatesan Radha

Interactions with the MC4R rs17782313 variant, mental stress and energy intake and the risk of obesity in Genome Epidemiology Study

The melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) regulates metabolism by modulating eating behavior and MC4R variants (rs17782313 and rs571312) are associated with obesity in Asians and Caucasians. However, the impact of th...

Authors: Sunmin Park, James W. Daily, Xin Zhang, Hyun Seok Jin, Hye Ja Lee and Yong Hyun Lee

Elevated gamma-glutamyl transferase is associated with subclinical inflammation independent of cardiometabolic risk factors in an asymptomatic population: a cross-sectional study

Serum Gamma-Glutamyl Transferase (GGT), a marker of oxidative stress, has been suggested to be independently associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) events. We examined the association of serum GGT levels...

Authors: Shozab S. Ali, Ebenezer T. Oni, Michael J. Blaha, Emir Veledar, Hamid R. Feiz, Theodore Feldman, Arthur S. Agatston, Roger S. Blumenthal, Raquel D. Conceicao, Jose A. M. Carvalho, Raul D. Santos and Khurram Nasir

Human serum preβ1-high density lipoprotein levels are independently and negatively associated with coronary artery diseases

Serum preβ1-high density lipoprotein (preβ1-HDL) was defined by two-dimensional non-denaturing linear gel electrophoresis and apolipoprotein A-I immuno-blotting. Serum preβ1-HDL seems to play an important role...

Authors: Yunqin Chen, Jibin Dong, Xueying Chen, Hui Jiang, Ahmed Bakillah, Xiaojin Zhang, Zhiqiang Li, Jia Yin, Donghui Liang, Yunzeng Zou, Mahmood Hussain, Marina Cuchel, Daniel Rader, Haozhu Chen, Junbo Ge and Xian-Cheng Jiang

The effect of interaction between Melanocortin-4 receptor polymorphism and dietary factors on the risk of metabolic syndrome

Controversial data is available on the effect of the Melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) gene variation on metabolic syndrome (MetS) and ineffectiveness of diet in managing MetS. Effects of the interaction between ...

Authors: Gelareh Koochakpoor, Maryam S. Daneshpour, Parvin Mirmiran, Seyed Ahmad Hosseini, Firoozeh Hosseini-Esfahani, Bahareh Sedaghatikhayat and Fereidoun Azizi

Impact of flavonoid-rich black tea and beetroot juice on postprandial peripheral vascular resistance and glucose homeostasis in obese, insulin-resistant men: a randomized controlled trial

Insulin-stimulated muscle blood flow facilitates plasma glucose disposal after a meal, a mechanism that is impaired in obese, insulin-resistant volunteers. Nitrate- or flavonoid-rich products, through their pr...

Authors: Dagmar Fuchs, Jean Nyakayiru, Richard Draijer, Theo P. J. Mulder, Maria T. E. Hopman, Thijs M. H. Eijsvogels and Dick H. Thijssen

Serum metabolic biomarkers distinguish metabolically healthy peripherally obese from unhealthy centrally obese individuals

Metabolic abnormalities are more associated with central obesity than peripheral obesity, but the underlying mechanisms are largely unknown. The present study was to identify serum metabolic biomarkers which d...

Authors: Xiang Gao, Weidong Zhang, Yongbo Wang, Pardis Pedram, Farrell Cahill, Guangju Zhai, Edward Randell, Wayne Gulliver and Guang Sun

Apple polyphenol extract improves insulin sensitivity in vitro and in vivo in animal models of insulin resistance

Apple polyphenols could represent a novel nutritional approach in the management and control of blood glucose, especially in type 2 diabetics. The aim of this study was to test the therapeutic potential of an ...

Authors: Manuel Manzano, María D Giron, José D. Vilchez, Natalia Sevillano, Nuri El-Azem, Ricardo Rueda, Rafael Salto and Jose M. Lopez-Pedrosa

The role of I-FABP as a biomarker of intestinal barrier dysfunction driven by gut microbiota changes in obesity

Intestinal fatty-acid binding protein (I-FABP) is expressed in epithelial cells of the mucosal layer of the small intestine tissue. When intestinal mucosal damage occurs, I-FABP is released into the circulatio...

Authors: Eva Lau, Cláudia Marques, Diogo Pestana, Mariana Santoalha, Davide Carvalho, Paula Freitas and Conceição Calhau