Soltanian N, Janghorbani M. A randomized trial of the effects of flaxseed to manage constipation, weight, glycemia, and lipids in constipated patients with type 2 diabetes. Nutr Metab. 2018;15:1–9.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Naik HS, Srilatha C, Sujatha K, Sreedevi B. Prasad TNVKV: supplementation of whole grain flaxseeds (Linum usitatissimum) along with high cholesterol diet and its effect on hyperlipidemia and initiated atherosclerosis in Wistar albino male rats. Veterinary World. 2018;11:1433–9.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Zanwar AA, Hegde MV, Bodhankar SL. Antihyperlipidemic effect of flax lignan concentrate in triton induced hyperlipidemic rats. Int J Pharmacol. 2012;8:355–63.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Kezimana P, Dmitriev AA, Kudryavtseva AV, Romanova EV, Melnikova NV. Secoisolariciresinol diglucoside of flaxseed and its metabolites: biosynthesis and potential for nutraceuticals. Front Genet. 2018;9:641.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Baker EJ, Miles EA, Burdge GC, Yaqoob P, Calder PC. Metabolism and functional effects of plant-derived omega-3 fatty acids in humans. Prog Lipid Res. 2016;64:30–56.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Repin N, Kay BA, Cui SW, Wright AJ, Duncan AM, Goff HD. Investigation of mechanisms involved in postprandial glycemia and insulinemia attenuation with dietary fibre consumption. Food Funct. 2017;8:2142–54.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Dzuvor CKO, Taylor JT, Acquah C, Pan S, Agyei D. Bioprocessing of functional ingredients from flaxseed. Molecules. 2018;23:2444.
Article
PubMed Central
CAS
Google Scholar
Shabana SU, Sarwar S. The abnormal lipid profile in obesity and coronary heart disease (CHD) in Pakistani subjects. Lipids Health Dis. 2020;19:73.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
El-Tantawy WH, Temraz A. Natural products for controlling hyperlipidemia: review. Arch Physiol Biochem. 2019;125:128–35.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Toledo FGS, Sniderman AD, Kelley DE. Influence of hepatic steatosis (fatty liver) on severity and composition of dyslipidemia in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2006;29:1845–50.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Zhou Y-J, Li Y-Y, Nie Y-Q, Ma J-X, Lu L-G, Shi S-L, Chen M-H, Hu P-J. Prevalence of fatty liver disease and its risk factors in the population of South China. World J Gastroenterol. 2007;13:6419–24.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Radikova Z, Penesova A, Vlcek M, Havranova A, Sivakova M, Siarnik P, Zitnanova I, Imrich R, Turcani P, Kollar B. Lipoprotein profiling in early multiple sclerosis patients: effect of chronic inflammation? Lipids Health Dis. 2020;19:1–10.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Hadi A, Askarpour M, Salamat S, Ghaedi E, Symonds ME, Miraghajani M. Effect of flaxseed supplementation on lipid profile: an updated systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of sixty-two randomized controlled trials. Pharmacol Res. 2020;152:104622.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Jalili C, Pezeshki M, Askarpour M, Marx W, Hassani B, Hadi A, Ghaedi E. The effect of flaxseed supplementation on circulating adiponectin and leptin concentration in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Phytother Res. 2020;34:1578–86.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Rahimlou M, Jahromi NB, Hasanyani N, Ahmadi AR. Effects of flaxseed interventions on circulating inflammatory biomarkers: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Adv Nutr. 2019;10:1108–19.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Moher D, Liberati A, Tetzlaff J, Altman DG, Grp P. Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement. Int J Surg. 2010;8:336–41.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Li J, Li L, Guo D, Li S, Zeng Y, Liu C, Fu R, Huang M, Xie W. Triglyceride metabolism and angiopoietin-like proteins in lipoprotein lipase regulation. Clin Chim Acta. 2020;503:19–34.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Alberti K, Zimmet P, Shaw J. The metabolic syndrome—a new worldwide definition. Lancet. 2005;366:1059–62.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Zhang W, Wang X, Liu Y, Tian H, Flickinger B, Empie MW, Sung SZ. Dietary flaxseed lignan extract lowers plasma cholesterol and glucose concentrations in hypercholesterolaemic subjects. Br J Nutr. 2008;99:1301–9.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Fukumitsu S, Aida K, Shimizu H, Toyoda K. Flaxseed lignan lowers blood cholesterol and decreases liver disease risk factors in moderately hypercholesterolemic men. Nutr Res. 2010;30:441–6.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Hutchins AM, Brown BD, Cunnane SC, Domitrovich SG, Adams ER, Bobowiec CE. Daily flaxseed consumption improves glycemic control in obese men and women with pre-diabetes: a randomized study. Nutr Res. 2013;33:367–75.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Machado AM, de Paula H, Cardoso LD, Costa NM. Effects of brown and golden flaxseed on the lipid profile, glycemia, inflammatory biomarkers, blood pressure and body composition in overweight adolescents. Nutrition. 2015;31:90–6.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Bloedon LT, Balikai S, Chittams J, Cunnane SC, Berlin JA, Rader DJ, Szapary PO. Flaxseed and cardiovascular risk factors: results from a double blind, randomized, controlled clinical trial. J Am Coll Nutr. 2008;27:65–74.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Higgins JPGS. Cochrane handbook for systematic reviews of interventions. Cochrane book series. 2008.
Higgins JPT, Altman DG, Gotzsche PC, Jueni P, Moher D, Oxman AD, Savovic J, Schulz KF, Weeks L, Sterne JAC, et al. The Cochrane collaboration's tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials. Br Med J. 2011;343.
Ursoniu S, Sahebkar A, Serban M-C, Pinzaru I, Dehelean C, Noveanu L, Rysz J, Banach M. Lipid blood pressure M-A: a systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials investigating the effects of flaxseed supplementation on plasma C-reactive protein concentrations. Arch Med Sci. 2019;15:12–22.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Lemay A, Dodin S, Kadri N, Jacques H, Forest JC. Flaxseed dietary supplement versus hormone replacement therapy in hypercholesterolemic menopausal women. Obstet Gynecol. 2002;100:495–504.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Wu H, Pan A, Yu Z, Qi Q, Lu L, Zhang G, Yu D, Zong G, Zhou Y, Chen X, et al. Lifestyle counseling and supplementation with flaxseed or walnuts influence the management of metabolic syndrome. J Nutr. 2010;140:1937–42.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Yang B, Shi M-Q, Li Z-H, Shi L, Wang A-M, Guo X-J, Li D. Effects of n-3 fatty acid supplements on cardiometabolic profiles in hypertensive patients with abdominal obesity in Inner Mongolia: a randomized controlled trial. Food Funct. 2019;10:1661–70.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Patade A, Devareddy L, Lucas EA, Korlagunta K, Daggy BP, Arjmandi BH. Flaxseed reduces total and LDL cholesterol concentrations in native American postmenopausal women. J Womens Health. 2008;17:355–66.
Article
Google Scholar
Arjmandi BH, Khan DA, Juma S, Drum ML, Venkatesh S, Sohn E, Wei L, Derman R. Whole flaxseed consumption lowers serum LDL-cholesterol and lipoprotein(a) concentrations in postmenopausal women. Nutr Res (New York, NY). 1998;18:1203–14.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Bierenbaum ML, Reichstein R, Watkins TR. Reducing atherogenic risk in hyperlipemic humans with flax seed supplementation: a preliminary report. J Am Coll Nutr. 1993;12:501–4.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Rhee Y, Brunt A. Flaxseed supplementation improved insulin resistance in obese glucose intolerant people: a randomized crossover design. Nutr J. 2011;10:1–7.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Edel AL, Rodriguez-Leyva D, Maddaford TG, Caligiuri SP, Austria JA, Weighell W, Guzman R, Aliani M, Pierce GN. Dietary flaxseed independently lowers circulating cholesterol and lowers it beyond the effects of cholesterol-lowering medications alone in patients with peripheral artery disease. J Nutr. 2015;145:749–57.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Gillingham LG, Gustafson JA, Han S-Y, Jassal DS, Jones PJH. High-oleic rapeseed (canola) and flaxseed oils modulate serum lipids and inflammatory biomarkers in hypercholesterolaemic subjects. Br J Nutr. 2011;105:417–27.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Jenkins DJ, Kendall CW, Vidgen E, Agarwal S, Rao AV, Rosenberg RS, Diamandis EP, Novokmet R, Mehling CC, Perera T, et al. Health aspects of partially defatted flaxseed, including effects on serum lipids, oxidative measures, and ex vivo androgen and progestin activity: a controlled crossover trial. Am J Clin Nutr. 1999;69:395–402.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Paschos GK, Zampelas A, Panagiotakos DB, Katsiougiannis S, Griffin BA, Votteas V, Skopouli FN. Effects of flaxseed oil supplementation on plasma adiponectin levels in dyslipidemic men. Eur J Nutr. 2007;46:315–20.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Rallidis LS, Paschos G, Liakos GK, Velissaridou AH, Anastasiadis G, Zampelas A. Dietary alpha-linolenic acid decreases C-reactive protein, serum amyloid A and interleukin-6 in dyslipidaemic patients. Atherosclerosis. 2003;167:237–42.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Rallidis LS, Paschos G, Papaioannou ML, Liakos GK, Panagiotakos DB, Anastasiadis G, Zampelas A. The effect of diet enriched with alpha-linolenic acid on soluble cellular adhesion molecules in dyslipidaemic patients. Atherosclerosis. 2004;174:127–32.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Cassani RS, Fassini PG, Silvah JH, Lima CM, Marchini JS. Impact of weight loss diet associated with flaxseed on inflammatory markers in men with cardiovascular risk factors: a clinical study. Nutr J. 2015;14:5.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
CAS
Google Scholar
de Oliveira PA, Kovacs C, Moreira P, Magnoni D, Saleh MH, Faintuch J. Unsaturated fatty acids improve atherosclerosis markers in obese and overweight non-diabetic elderly patients. Obes Surg. 2017;27:2663–71.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Faintuch J, Horie LM, Barbeiro HV, Barbeiro DF, Soriano FG, Ishida RK, Cecconello I. Systemic inflammation in morbidly obese subjects: response to oral supplementation with alpha-linolenic acid. Obes Surg. 2007;17:341–7.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Faintuch J, Bortolotto LA, Marques PC, Faintuch JJ, Franca JI, Cecconello I. Systemic inflammation and carotid diameter in obese patients: pilot comparative study with flaxseed powder and cassava powder. Nutr Hosp. 2011;26:208–13.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Brahe LK, Le Chatelier E, Prifti E, Pons N, Kennedy S, Blaedel T, Hakansson J, Dalsgaard TK, Hansen T, Pedersen O, et al. Dietary modulation of the gut microbiota—a randomised controlled trial in obese postmenopausal women. Br J Nutr. 2015;114:406–17.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Dittrich M, Jahreis G, Bothor K, Drechsel C, Kiehntopf M, Bluher M, Dawczynski C. Benefits of foods supplemented with vegetable oils rich in alpha-linolenic, stearidonic or docosahexaenoic acid in hypertriglyceridemic subjects: a double-blind, randomized, controlled trail. Eur J Nutr. 2015;54:881–93.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Saxena S, Katare C. Evaluation of flaxseed formulation as a potential therapeutic agent in mitigation of dyslipidemia. Biomed J. 2014;37:386–90.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Rezaei S, Sasani MR, Akhlaghi M, Kohanmoo A. Flaxseed oil in the context of a weight loss program ameliorates fatty liver grade in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a randomized double-blind controlled trial. Br J Nutr. 2020;123:1–24.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Yari Z, Rahimlou M, Eslamparast T, Ebrahimi-Daryani N, Poustchi H, Hekmatdoost A. Flaxseed supplementation in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a pilot randomized, open labeled, controlled study. Int J Food Sci Nutr. 2016;67:461–9.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Yari Z, Rahimlou M, Poustchi H, Hekmatdoost A. Flaxseed supplementation in metabolic syndrome management: a pilot randomized, open-labeled. Controlled study. Phytother Res. 2016;30:1339–44.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Torkan M, Entezari MH, Siavash M. Effect of flaxseed on blood lipid level in hyperlipidemic patients. Rev Recent Clin Trials. 2015;10:61–7.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Raygan F, Taghizadeh M, Mirhosseini N, Akbari E, Bahmani F, Memarzadeh MR, Sharifi N, Jafarnejad S, Banikazemi Z, Asemi Z. A comparison between the effects of flaxseed oil and fish oil supplementation on cardiovascular health in type 2 diabetic patients with coronary heart disease: a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial. Phytother Res. 2019;33:1943–51.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Akrami A, Nikaein F, Babajafari S, Faghih S, Yarmohammadi H. Comparison of the effects of flaxseed oil and sunflower seed oil consumption on serum glucose, lipid profile, blood pressure, and lipid peroxidation in patients with metabolic syndrome. J Clin Lipidol. 2018;12:70–7.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Soltani SK, Jamaluddin R, Tabibi H, Yusof BNM, Atabak S, Loh S-P, Rahmani L. Effects of flaxseed consumption on systemic inflammation and serum lipid profile in hemodialysis patients with lipid abnormalities. Hemodial Int. 2013;17:275–81.
Article
Google Scholar
Singh KK, Mridula D, Rehal J, Barnwal P. Flaxseed: a potential source of food, feed and fiber. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2011;51:210–22.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Rubilar M, Gutierrez C, Verdugo M, Shene C, Sineiro J. Flaxseed as a source of functional ingredients. J Soil Sci Plant Nutr. 2010;10:373–7.
Article
Google Scholar
Au MMC, Goff HD, Kisch JA, Coulson A, Wright AJ. Effects of soy-soluble fiber and flaxseed gum on the glycemic and insulinemic responses to glucose solutions and dairy products in healthy adult males. J Am Coll Nutr. 2013;32:98–110.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Luo J, Li Y, Mai Y, Gao L, Ou S, Wang Y, Liu L, Peng X. Flaxseed gum reduces body weight by regulating gut microbiota. J Funct Foods. 2018;47:136–42.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Thakur G, Mitra A, Pal K, Rousseau D. Effect of flaxseed gum on reduction of blood glucose and cholesterol in type 2 diabetic patients. Int J Food Sci Nutr. 2009;60:126–36.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Parikh M, Pierce GN. Dietary flaxseed: what we know and don’t know about its effects on cardiovascular disease. Can J Physiol Pharmacol. 2019;97:75–81.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Oomah BD. Flaxseed as a functional food source. J Sci Food Agric. 2001;81:889–94.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Muir AD. Flax lignans—analytical methods and how they influence our understanding of biological activity. J AOAC Int. 2006;89:1147–57.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Prasad K. Hypocholesterolemic and anti atherosclerotic effect of flax lignan complex isolated from flaxseed. Atherosclerosis. 2005;179:269–75.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Pan A, Yu D, Demark-Wahnefried W, Franco OH, Lin X. Meta-analysis of the effects of flaxseed interventions on blood lipids. Am J Clin Nutr. 2009;90:288–97.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Xuefen C, Chengkai Z, Ling J, Hui ZUO. Study on the sensibility of LPL-PVUII gene polymorphism to intervention of coarse grain food in dyslipidemia population. Acta Nutrimenta Sinica. 2006;28(263–265):268.
Google Scholar
Dodin S, Cunnane SC, Masse B, Lemay A, Jacques H, Asselin G, Tremblay-Mercier J, Marc I, Lamarche B, Legare F, Forest J-C. Flaxseed on cardiovascular disease markers in healthy menopausal women: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Nutrition. 2008;24:23–30.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Dodin S, Lemay A, Jacques H, Legare F, Forest JC, Masse B. The effects of flaxseed dietary supplement on lipid profile, bone mineral density, and symptoms in menopausal women: a randomized, double-blind, wheat germ placebo-controlled clinical trial. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2005;90:1390–7.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Imperato F, Marziani R, Perniola G, Ebano V, Fruscella M, Mossa B. Effects of tamoxifen and estrogen replacement therapy on lipid metabolism and some other cardiovascular risk factors. A prospective study in hysterectomised women. Minerva Ginecol. 2003;55:87–93.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Reis SE, Costantino JP, Wickerham DL, Tan-Chiu E, Wang J, Kavanah M. Cardiovascular effects of tamoxifen in women with and without heart disease: breast cancer prevention trial. National surgical adjuvant breast and bowel project breast cancer prevention trial investigators. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2001;93:16–21.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Lissin LW, Cooke JP. Phytoestrogens and cardiovascular health. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2000;35:1403–10.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Agriculture USDo. USDA national nutrient database for standard reference. Washington, DC: USDA. 2015.
IoM FaNB. Dietary reference intakes for energy, carbohydrate, fiber, fat, fatty acids, cholesterol, protein, and amino acids (macronutrients). Washington, DC: National Academy Press; 2005.
Google Scholar
Santos HO, Price JC, Bueno AA. Beyond fish oil supplementation: the effects of alternative plant sources of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids upon lipid indexes and cardiometabolic biomarkers—an overview. Nutrients. 2020;12:3159.
Article
CAS
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Soltanian N, Janghorbani M. Effect of flaxseed or psyllium vs. placebo on management of constipation, weight, glycemia, and lipids: a randomized trial in constipated patients with type 2 diabetes. Clin Nutr Espen. 2019;29:41–8.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Santiago A, Ryland D, Cui S, Blewett H, Aliani M. Effect of milled flaxseed and storage conditions on sensory properties and selected bioactive compounds in banana and cinnamon muffins used in a clinical trial. J Sci Food Agric. 2019;99:831–43.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Zhang P, Gao J, Pu C, Zhang Y. Apolipoprotein status in type 2 diabetes mellitus and its complications. Mol Med Rep. 2017;16:9279–86.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Bowe B, Xie Y, Xian H, Balasubramanian S, Zayed MA, Al-Aly Z. High density lipoprotein cholesterol and the risk of all-cause mortality among U.S. veterans. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2016;11:1784–93.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
van der Steeg WA, Holme I, Boekholdt SM, Larsen ML, Lindahl C, Stroes ES, Tikkanen MJ, Wareham NJ, Faergeman O, Olsson AG, et al. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein particle size, and apolipoprotein A-I: significance for cardiovascular risk: the IDEAL and EPIC-Norfolk studies. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2008;51:634–42.
Article
PubMed
CAS
Google Scholar
März W, Kleber ME, Scharnagl H, Speer T, Zewinger S, Ritsch A, Parhofer KG, von Eckardstein A, Landmesser U, Laufs U. HDL cholesterol: reappraisal of its clinical relevance. Clin Res Cardiol. 2017;106:663–75.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
CAS
Google Scholar
Verwer BJ, Scheffer PG, Vermue RP, Pouwels PJ, Diamant M, Tushuizen ME. NAFLD is related to post-prandial triglyceride-enrichment of HDL particles in association with endothelial and HDL dysfunction. Liver Int. 2020;40:2439–44.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Askarpour M, Karimi M, Hadi A, Ghaedi E, Symonds ME, Miraghajani M, Javadian P. Effect of flaxseed supplementation on markers of inflammation and endothelial function: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Cytokine. 2020;126:154922.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Ren G-Y, Chen C-Y, Chen G-C, Chen W-G, Pan A, Pan C-W, Zhang Y-H, Qin L-Q, Chen L-H. Effect of flaxseed intervention on inflammatory marker C-reactive protein: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Nutrients. 2016;8:136.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
CAS
Google Scholar
Banuls C, Rovira-Llopis S, Lopez-Domenech S, Diaz-Morales N, Blas-Garcia A, Veses S, Morillas C, Victor VM, Rocha M, Hernandez-Mijares A. Oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum stress is impaired in leukocytes from metabolically unhealthy vs healthy obese individuals. Int J Obes. 2017;41:1556–63.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Nishida M, Moriyama T, Ishii K, Takashima S, Yoshizaki K, Sugita Y, Yamauchi-Takihara K. Effects of IL-6, adiponectin, CRP and metabolic syndrome on subclinical atherosclerosis. Clin Chim Acta. 2007;384:99–104.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Esteve E, Ricart W, Fernandez-Real JM. Dyslipidemia and inflammation: an evotutionary conserved mechanism. Clin Nutr. 2005;24:16–31.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Lands B. Dietary omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids compete in producing tissue compositions and tissue responses. Mil Med. 2014;179:76–81.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Tilg H, Moschen AR. Food, immunity, and the microbiome. Gastroenterology. 2015;148:1107–19.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Al-Lahham SAH, Peppelenbosch MP, Roelofsen H, Vonk RJ, Venema K. Biological effects of propionic acid in humans; metabolism, potential applications and underlying mechanisms. Biochimica Et Biophysica Acta-Mol Cell Biol Lipids. 2010;1801:1175–83.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Pan A, Chen M, Chowdhury R, Wu JHY, Sun Q, Campos H, Mozaffarian D, Hu FB. Alpha-linolenic acid and risk of cardiovascular disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Clin Nutr. 2012;96:1262–73.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Buckley JD, Howe PRC. Anti-obesity effects of long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. Obes Rev. 2009;10:648–59.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Buckley JD, Howe PRC. Long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids may be beneficial for reducing obesity-a review. Nutrients. 2010;2:1212–30.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar